uphillbothways
Did those trees, before there were decomposers, have access to nitrogen fixing bacteria? Where were they getting ammonium and nitrate?
Just stuff built up from lightning, nitrogen and oxygen?
Edit: Looks like land dwelling soil forming bacteria started in the Cambrian. Then, in the Ordovician the first land plants. Then, in the Silurian vascular plants and trees appeared.
There are some atmospheric spectrometer satellites in place. More resolution from planned missions will make better monitoring possible.
I'm not up to date on everything in this field, but here's an example ozone monitoring mission ongoing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_(satellite)
This paper mentions several other missions:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-019-0210-6
Since the 1990s, numerous space-borne ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometers, e.g., the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)10, SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY)11, Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)12, and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment–2 (GOME-2)13,14, have achieved the global monitoring of atmospheric trace gases, including NO2, SO2, HCHO, and O3, by using their unique absorption signatures in a shorter wavelength range (250–500 nm).
Would be nice to be able to pick out individual source polluters for a range of substances. Think that's on the horizon, but upcoming. (Again, haven't done a deep or even medium dive on topic in a while.)
Did US health insurance end up deciding to cover the new COVID boosters?
There was a lot of mixed messaging there for a while about how the prices were going to be like 10x as much and coverage was uncertain. That uncertainty can't have helped getting people in to get that and their other seasonal vaccines, even if it ended up getting resolved.
eldritch beasts. undiluted chaotic evil in an adorable package.
yeah. They're not only brutal monsters, but they've specifically evolved to exploit mammalian infant rearing instincts.
Knowing that otters are savage skull fuckers, rapists, necrophiliacs, etc.
- Blackened face Pixar guy *
Didn't sign a write-up I got on purpose and got fired on the spot, because I needed additional time for finals at school. Got my job back under union rules because lack of progressive discipline. Left for a better job 6 months later when I graduated.
Manager was pissed. But he couldn't do shit.
Little bit of both. I use whole herbs and loose tea. Half a cinnamon stick boiled well, first in the pot with pepper, makes about a pot the size that I use. Probably about a pint and a half, maybe two, with a strainer lid. Pour spout on the side. Fairly standard cooking pot.
Then, it's there when I want it.
I make a concentrated pot of assam black tea, chamomile, cinnamon, black pepper and cardamom on the stove every couple days. Keep it refrigerated, dilute it as needed and drink it from about 7am-2pm. The mix keeps me awake enough, but the chamomile takes the edge off and keeps me from getting anxious. The cinnamon, black pepper and cardamom help my stomach from getting mad about everything I eat and tastes good. Assam black tea has a maltier flavor I really like, much less tannic. Sometimes, I'll add fresh turmeric, ginger, citrus peel or other things.
Used to drink coffee, but it's just too harsh for me anymore. I really like tea.