solbear

When long texts such as these are posted, it would be very helpful to have some kind of summary to go with it, or better yet: OPs thoughts on why it should be read. :)

“1kW within 1hr” isn’t power. That’s energy.

The watt is always power, not energy. I'm assuming OP here got some prepositions mixed up and meant 1 kW delivered for 1 hr. That amounts to an energy of 1 kWh.

The second is like hell hole, tons of energy but still only a little bit of power.” No. They are both precisely the same energy.

No, they are the same power. The energy in the case where 1 kW of power is delivered for 1 hour is 1 kWh. The energy in the case of 1 kW delivered for 1 s is about 0.28 Wh.

If instead 1 kWh was transferred over the course of 1 hour, that is an average power of 1 kW (but does not have to be uniform, without more information we can't know the power profile). If 1 kWh is transferred over the course of 1 s, that is an average power of 3.6 MW which is the example I think OP was getting at (ref. hell hole comment).

Adding this to my readlist for later this week. I see it starts by outlining batteries as critical to mitigate climate change, but right now, from a European perspective, I think energy independence will be a much more powerful driver than climate change to make sure we have regional production of critical energy infrastructure, including battery manufacturing. Time to realize we can't be dependent on China and the US for this, and that China in particular will not allow us to successfully establish this industry according to free market principles with them flooding the market with cheap batteries (as they've done before in other sectors, and likely will do more as a result of US tarrifs). We can't compete, so we must subsidize to ensure establishment of regional production capacity.

Not shaming OP here, but there has been clear signs of Musk being an unhinged idiot since around 2017 (or whenever the diver-pedo-incident)

Was it a Model SS?

Good

Thanks for that explanation! :)

Is this a general purpose WebDAV-server? I'm looking for something to use as my Zotero file storage (nearning the point I have to spend $120 for it every year), but as of now, I know nothing about WebDAV.

Also not sure how I understand what it means that it is compatible with Nextcloud. Is it so that my Nextcloud server uses WebDAV as file storage, and I can use this to connect to that? I have kind of been thinking about ditching Nextcloud in favor of more specialized services for the stuff I use Nextcloud for (file sync, photos, calendar, contacts and cospend).

What are you referring to when you say "salt batteries"?

This is more accurate than you would think. I've seen people synthesize a new inorganic compound, and is then more or less forced by supervisors to test it as an intercalation host for Li- or Na-ion batteries without really having thought through whether that makes sense at all.

Li is small, and as long as there is room for it (sites for it to sit when intercalated and paths to diffuse through the material), and there is some species that can accommodate the additional charge (as one Li+ is introduced into the material, there needs to be a charge compensation to maintain charge neutrality - typically this is a transition metal cation that is reduced from a higher oxidation state to a lower one). In that sense a lot of materials could serve as hosts, and depending on the intercalation potential, it could be used as a cathode (LiCoO2 for instance, where the intercalation potential vs. Li/Li+ is so high that it makes for a good cathode) or an anode (LTO for instance, where the intercalation potential vs. Li/Li+ is so low that it rather makes sense to pair it with a high potential cathode, and instead make for a more niche application where things such as safety is more coveted). That said, only three structure types have been widely used commercially as intercalation hosts for Li-ion batteries: layered rocksalt types (like LiCoO2 and its deriviates, NMC and NCA), spinels (LiMn2O4 or LTO) or olivines (LiFePO4, or LFP).

Li-S is not someone randomly mixing Li with some other elements though, it has been researched for a long time and is considered one of several "holy grails"

In this case, C refers to the current rate, not the unit Coulomb. It is a standard way of giving the current rate in battery research, and 1C is defined, as oldfart says, as the current rate required to charge that particular battery fully (to its nominal capacity) in one hour. 2C is twice this, so it is charged in half an hour, and C/2 is half this, so it is charged in two hours.

It is a convenient way of giving the current rate, because it allows a more application focused comparison (i.e. my EV battery or phone battery should be able to charge fully in one hour), but it hides the actual capacity of the battery (you have no way of knowing, without additional information, if the cell has a small or a large capacity).

ETA: The last point here is what deranger and AwesomeLowlander is getting at. You can have a very small battery with very little active material, and charge that at 10C and achieve reversible cycling for many, many cycles, and it is meaningless if it cannot be scaled to a larger cell (unless we are only considering microbatteries for example). Usually, results at a small scale is not directly transferable to larger scale, and you encounter all kinds of challenges as you scale up.

Regulatory capture