protist

This is great advice. When you want a behavior to decrease, if you don't offer a replacement behavior, you're likely doomed to failure. In this case, replacing hitting with hugging is a great idea. Also, punishing undesirable behavior just doesn't work as well as rewarding desirable behavior.

Using a token economy system, you can link earning five stars with a highly preferred reward, for example, but you need to figure out what motivates your child (Food/sweets? Access to an activity like TV or a game?) Tell them they'll earn this reward every day when they earn 5 stars, and they earn a star by not hitting, and lose a star when they hit.

The first time through, lay the stars on thick and quick. Make a big deal of earning each star, "great job!! You didn't hit and you earned a star! And show them while you write it down. Give them the reward immediately after earning five stars. If they're reliably earning their stars, space the stars out over time so that it takes more time to earn them.

If they hit, calmly and dispassionately tell them they lost a star and show them you scratching it off, then completely withdraw your attention. It's very important not to continue to accidentally reinforce hitting behavior with attention. If your child is getting a big reaction from someone when they hit, even if it's a negative reaction, it's very likely perpetuating the behavior.

So...their plan is to be destitute later in life?

This is pretty easy to search, but also intuitive when you consider crack is most often smoked vs cocaine being absorbed through your nasal mucosa. Here are a few highlights from this comprehensive review, which also covers the very real socioeconomic differences in use patterns:

By virtue of its hydrophilicity, cocaine hydrochloride is generally consumed by ‘snorting.' ‘Crack’ cocaine is generally the only form of cocaine that is smoked—this is due to the fact that cocaine hydrochloride has an elevated boiling point and does not vaporise at the temperatures of combustion.

(R)outes that involve the respiratory system...allow for the stimulant to reach the brain circulation in around 6 to 8 s; the inhalation route presents higher peak plasma concentrations that are reached faster when compared to intranasal administration. It should be noted that, for the intranasal route, the vasoconstrictive properties of cocaine slow down the drug’s own absorption, causing a 60-min delay of peak plasmatic concentrations. In terms of bioavailability, the inhalation route has the greatest bioavailability, which surpasses 90%, while the intranasal route has roughly 80%.

The abuse and dependence of cocaine is strongly related to the drug’s capacity to induce the release of dopamine within the mesocorticolimbic circuit (also known as the reward system). As the user continues to consume cocaine, desensitization occurs and so larger doses are necessary to induce stimuli of the same magnitude as before, as well as to minimize withdrawal symptoms.

Another difference of inhalation vs intranasal:

Smoking ‘crack’ leads to the formation of another biomarker of exposure, AEME, which is the main product of cocaine’s thermal degradation. In vitro and in vivo studies show that AEME appears to have effects on the cardiovascular system, by acting as a muscarinic agonist. Furthermore, neurotoxic effects were also reported for this metabolite.

Let's be real though, crack is significantly more addictive than regular cocaine. The high is higher, it lights up all the dopamine receptors in your brain. The high is much shorter, and the crash is much harder, which pushes users to use more to avoid intolerable withdrawal symptoms. Cocaine is "mellower" in pretty much every way. All the bad parts of cocaine use are only magnified in crack use. All this is completely independent of fucked up drug policy

Lmao hello from the future

Seethe about it

There are possible side effects though, like any medical treatment, so the potential risks do need to be weighed against the potential benefits, again like any medical treatment. I've seen ECT work wonders for certain conditions though

Lots of medical treatments are improperly applied due to a physician's poor clinical judgment, and it sounds like that's what happened in this case. Sorry this happened to your grandma

Is this that Gen Alpha humor we've been hearing about? Skibidi or something

You're OOTL, it's super effective at treating severe mood episodes and catatonia.

ECT is not a treatment for anxiety, unfortunately. I've seen it work wonders for severe depression, mania, and catatonia, but never for anxiety.

Sometimes I've seen ECT being used as a "last resort" treatment for people with issues that can only be treated with psychotherapy, like PTSD or borderline personality disorder, but who have been unwilling or unable to do the work over the course of years and the doctors are lost on where to go next. In these cases ECT is almost universally a failure and the side effects are not worth it.

For someone in a manic episode or who's experiencing catatonia, some memory loss is a small trade to have your life back.

In the show, the Ramones performed, Mr. Burns was offended, and he tells Smithers "Have the Rolling Stones killed."

This one hits different in 2024