fullsquare

behold, disruption

i don't mean beta-oxidation, it's just a series of separated normal reactions. i mean something like this: when first learning about ketones, you might learn about aldol condensation, which has enol as a nucleophile and another carbonyl as electrophile. at some other point you might learn about strecker reaction, which has iminium ion as electrophile and cyanide as nucleophile. but really, what you can do is mix and match, and you can pair enolizable ketone and iminium (mannich reaction) or carbonyl and cyanide (cyanohydrin formation) and then generalize, for example you don't need strictly ketone for mannich, you can use any electron rich conjugated system like malonate or nitroalkane anion (henry reaction) or phenol or indole. to figure this out you need to study mechanisms. these last two are usually treated as variants of friedel-crafts reaction, but really categories like this are fake

and to get that right, you need to know how these reactive intermediates look like, how reactive they are, what influences their stability which means that ochem starts with discussion of carbocations, carboanions, radicals, their shapes and orbitals involved, hyperconjugation, solvent effects and the like. and then first reactions taught are sn1/sn2, because these showcase these fundamentals nicely, and from there, it's about introduction of more compound classes

we only had synthons introduced during lecture at around 4th year, and only for ochem path, it's not doing a lot at that point and imo would have much more impact right after ochem intro course

there was also yolo minneapolis, or whatever was his name i don't think he was relevant since covid

i always thought that the idea of synthons should be taught early on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthon

i'd say it's more important to learn mechanisms because this way you can notice these patterns of reactivity easier. at some point you'd only get new reactions that are really just pieces of other reactions you know put in a new way

there's zero reason to make chart like this, it's both barely comprehensible and touching surface level stuff only (where are palladium couplings for one)

i mean it would be hard to imagine 20 years ago precise ways things could get worse, and then

is there something you don't understand? it doesn't fucking matter what russians claim to have tested, you as nato resident are protected by nato's ability to evaporate moscow and moscow residents survival instinct, meaning that they won't start shit if they want to remain not evaporated. it works in any number of ways between any number of nuclear states, and can't be undone

nothing. safety of people in nato is guaranteed by a several of icbms somewhere in wyoming or in some submarine with putin's name on them. self-preservation is a mighty powerful instinct, and it worked for entire cold war. will easily work for a couple of decades more

you know, in comparison dubya at least tried to have this kind of diplomatic subtlety that is nowhere to be found in current administration

ahem. h5n1 for ferrets was probably made because ferrets turn out to have immune systems similar enough to humans, in that they do get (common strains of) flu and transmit it by sneezing, that is ferrets are good model organisms for flu vaccine development. so if regular ferrets don't catch h5n1, then you have to modify either virus or ferret because otherwise it won't work. it's not some random virologist deciding to wage biological war against fuzzy noodle critters

if only, maupin spoke on a conference in teheran next to dugin and publishes his books. the layer of red paint on brown couldn't be possibly thinner. see also: jackson hinkle, maga-communism. i wish everyone involved nice tuberculosis infection in damp ukrainian prison