UNION is used to append the result of one query to the result of another: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/set-operators-union-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver17
A UNION concatenates result sets from two queries. But a UNION does not create individual rows from columns gathered from two tables. A JOIN compares columns from two tables, to create result rows composed of columns from two tables.
Your two queries are not equivalent.
I really didn't think that's correct--though it's been a few years since I did SQL regularly.
That should give a list of all articles updated after whatever date (regardless of ID), appended to a list of all articles where the ID is 1, 2, or 3 (regardless of when they were last updated). I would expect to see extra articles that only fit one criteria or the other, and also duplicate articles.
I included the join quote because an inner join would be the way to do this, rather than a union--though it would likely be less efficient than just filtering on the required parameters.
If I'm wrong here, I'd love an explanation of why.