When you say user, you mean a user of a function? In that case PHP would throw a TypeError, and presumably only happens when developing/testing.
If you mean in production, like when submitting a form, an Exception may be thrown. In which case you catch it and return some error message to the user saying the date string is invalid.
Even if I coded the form by hand and that happened, it's on me, not on the programming language.
But I don't, I use a framework which handles all that boilerplate validation for me.