Yes, there is a standby train in Basel, for when the ones coming from Frankfurt are delayed again.
Switzerland has an integrated cyclic schedue, and relatively tightly planned line utilization so delays can cascade pretty strongly.
Its better for the system at whole to send the standby within the scheduled slot of the German train, have that train return from Basel to Frankfurt directly (making up time in the process so the way back is regular), and people who wanted to go to Zürich have to get off and use the next train to Zürich half an hour after the standby, in the next regular slot.
The downside is cost of the standby train and situations like this: Last time I had to change in Basel myself, and had to guide an older lady and carry her suitcase, because she was quite confused by the sudden unplanned change of trains. Then she talked my ear off on the way from Basel to Zürich :-)
Regarding Switzerland:
From Zürich you can go to Hamburg, Venice, Paris, Budapest etc. without changing, so there are plenty of long distance connections that just end in Switzerland.
But we have a lot of intercity lines internally too. Some of the longest are:
But the most important are probably Geneva-Lausanne-Bern-Zürich and Basel-Zürich and Bern-Basel because those are our big economic centers. They are called intercity here as well.
Not sure if you count any of those from an American perspective.