Use kagi.com. By default it indicates pay walled sites and you can also block whole domains if you choose. Listicles are broken out separately and if you're feeling ambitious Kagi supports regex-based redirects, so you could redirect paywalled domains to a paywall bypass website.

Filters out as in hides it from you?

Ublock origin is very good at getting rid of cookie banners, though you have to enable it in settings, not sure about pay walls.

For cookies you just need to enable one of the Cookie Notices list in uBO, and for paywalls you can add the https://gitlab.com/magnolia1234/bypass-paywalls-clean-filters/-/raw/main/bpc-paywall-filter.txt filter list.

How a search engine can do it. You need an extension which is probable ublock origin or adguard, Bypass Paywalls Clean or I still don't care about cookies

You can kinda do it with Google Customizabe Search Engine, which is basically a thin wrapper around Google. In a regular Google search you can use syntax like -site:ignorethisdomain.com to exclude specific domains (i do this with Pinterest whenever searching for images, for example). But manually typing in a large list of black listed domains would be tedious so instead you can set up a CSE with everybody you want to ignore and then just use the special URL as your search engine.

Maybe not exactly what you're looking for, but Marginalia (https://search.marginalia.nu/) focuses on non-commercial and text-based content.

I think what you want is about:blank. It contains a list of all the websites without cookie, auth, and pay walls