A tropical forest can regrow quickly. What is harder to see is how long full ecological recovery takes. A pasture left to regenerate may, within a few decades, resemble a forest again. But resemblance can be misleading. Beneath the canopy, recovery proceeds at different rates across species, shaped by how species persist through disturbance and return afterward. A recent study of a lowland rainforest in Ecuador offers a detailed account of this process across a wide range of organisms. Drawing on data from 62 plots spanning active agriculture, secondary forest, and old-growth stands, the researchers examined how biodiversity recovers following land use. Their analysis extends beyond trees to animals and microbes, treating forests as systems of interaction rather than collections of species. The findings, published this week in Nature, point to a mixed picture. Secondary forests—those regrowing after clearance—now account for roughly 70% of tropical forest area. Their role in conservation has often been overlooked. The study finds that these landscapes can regain much of their biological richness within a few decades, provided they are allowed to recover. Measured in terms of abundance and species diversity, recovery is relatively fast. Many groups return to levels close to those found in old-growth forest within 30 years, and in some cases much sooner. Pollinators such as bees, along with birds and bats, show particularly rapid gains. These species move easily across fragmented landscapes, allowing them to recolonize regenerating areas early. Species composition changes more slowly. A forest may regain its numbers without…This article was originally published on Mongabay
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