this post was submitted on 27 Mar 2026
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Image by Cmglee, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

A square can tile a plane but can form a repeating pattern. Is there a single shape that can tile but never repeats? That's what's called the "einstein problem".

Link to the article

In 2010, the first never-repeating tile was discovered: the Socolar-Taylor tile. But it's a bit weird, having several separated, disconnected bits.

In 2022, "The Hat" (shown in pic) was discovered, and it's a lot less weird. It only has 13 sides and nice angles that are multiples of 30°.

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[–] StellarExtract@lemmy.zip 21 points 4 days ago

When these went viral in 2022 I read the research paper and found out that not only do they form a non-repeating pattern, but that non-repeating pattern relies on the occasional tile being reversed. That inspired me to 3D print a bunch of these that were a different color on each side and try assembling them. It's very interesting, because you have a lot of options for how to put them together, but occasionally you'll hit a point where the pattern itself forces you to put one in upside down, even though it's non-repeating. Also, it's possible to put it together "wrong" where at one edge you can't add any more tiles in either orientation and have to disassemble part of it to continue. Very interesting to mess with.

[–] probable_possum@leminal.space 22 points 5 days ago (3 children)

Can these tiles actually be bought? For the bathroom floor. Or for paving the driveway. :)

[–] IAmNorRealTakeYourMeds@lemmy.world 16 points 4 days ago (2 children)

i 3d printed a lot of them and made a mural.

it's actually hard to tessalate them.

[–] bitfucker@programming.dev 4 points 3 days ago (1 children)

You know what? If you want to be a prick you could hire a contractor to tesselate it lol. "Hey, I already have the tile, can you assemble it for me?"

they'll be smart and figure out a mathematical tool to efficiently predict where the next tile goes. and win the fields medal award

[–] tal@lemmy.today 4 points 4 days ago* (last edited 4 days ago) (1 children)

I'd imagine that one could have software generate a tesselation.

[–] bitfucker@programming.dev 1 points 3 days ago

I think due to the fact that we know for sure the patterns are non repeating, the algorithm would never terminate for an infinitely large plane. But for a bounded plane, then yeah, that's doable

[–] silverchase@sh.itjust.works 12 points 5 days ago

If you find a contractor patient enough to cut tiles like this

[–] Hackworth@piefed.ca 6 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago)

Best I could find is plastic or balsa wood, but I bet you could use one of those clay 3d printers to make some.

[–] orbituary@lemmy.dbzer0.com 17 points 5 days ago (1 children)

Is it just me or is the radial pattern not apparent to others? Starting with the red "hat" top center, work outward in a spiral. It's not bilaterally symmetrical, but it appears to be chiral.

Going to read more about this.

[–] silverchase@sh.itjust.works 27 points 5 days ago (1 children)
[–] orbituary@lemmy.dbzer0.com 7 points 4 days ago

cool. a zoomed out version of the image is all I needed.

[–] Azzu@lemmy.dbzer0.com 5 points 4 days ago (1 children)

I don't really get it, don't the colors highlight the repeating patterns? How can it not have repeating patterns with clearly repeating patterns like that? They're probably using some useless definition of "repeating", right?

[–] fun_times@lemmy.world 8 points 4 days ago

Local repetition exists but global repetition does not. Think of it like wallpaper. There is no way to put this "pattern" on a wallpaper in such a way that two identical strips of wallpaper fully match each other at the edges.

Look at a more zoomed out version to see it clearly. It always looks close to being repeating but then you see a part that's just a little bit off.

[–] imaqtpie@sh.itjust.works 6 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago)

I wonder if there's a way to apply this pattern to create some specific kind of cellular automaton.

Honestly idk enough about this stuff to even know if that's a dumb question, but at the very least, the image reminded me of that.

[–] GreenKnight23@lemmy.world 1 points 3 days ago

is this the pattern that was found on the walls of a 1000 year old chapel in like Uzbekistan?

according to the scriptures of that particular sect it was called "the pattern of life" or something.

without a doubt, they would me awesome for some kind of board game

[–] Vinylraupe@lemmy.zip -1 points 4 days ago