Carved into the arid plains of Peru’s southern coast, the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nazca and Pampas de Jumana stand as one of archaeology’s most breathtaking spectacles. They represent a highly symbolic, ritual landscape that manifested the magical-religious world of ancient Pre-Hispanic societies for nearly two millennia.
Created between the 8th century BC and the 8th century AD, this vast cultural landscape spans over 75,000 hectares.
The designs fall into two main categories: large-scale representational figures of animals, plants, and mythical beings; and an extensive series of straight lines, geometric shapes, and radiating centers. These figures were executed with remarkable geometric precision by removing surface gravel to expose the lighter bedrock beneath—a technique that has ensured their survival.
UNESCO recognizes the site for its Outstanding Universal Value under three criteria, acknowledging it as a unique artistic achievement, an exceptional testimony to Pre-Columbian cultures and beliefs, and a demonstration of a highly symbolic use of the land.
The integrity of the geoglyphs has been largely preserved by the extreme desert climate and minimal human impact over two millennia. Although the construction of the Pan-American Highway caused localized damage, most lines remain in fair condition. Their harmonious relationship with the surrounding landscape is virtually unaltered.
Legal protection is provided by Peruvian national law, with management under the authority of the Ministry of Culture. Ongoing documentation, research, and conservation efforts, building on work.
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