this post was submitted on 28 Aug 2025
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Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge, has written a book about his research called 'Goliath’s Curse: The History and Future of Societal Collapse'.

He makes the case that, from looking at the archaeological record, when many societies collapse, most people end up better off afterward. For example, people in the post-Roman world were taller and healthier. Collapse can be a redistribution of resources and power, not just chaos.

For most of human history, humans lived as nomadic egalitarian bands, with low violence and high mobility. Threats (disease, war, economic precarity) push populations toward authoritarian leaders. The resulting rise in inequality from that sets off a cycle that will end in collapse. Furthermore, he argues we are living in the late stages of such a cycle now. He says "the threat is from leaders who are 'walking versions of the dark triad' – narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism – in a world menaced by the climate crisis, nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence and killer robots."

Some people hope/think we are destined for a future of Universal Basic Income and fully automated luxury communism. Perhaps that's the egalitarianism that emerges after our own collapse? If so, I hope the collapse bit is short and we get to the egalitarian bit ASAP.

Collapse for the 99% | Luke Kemp; What really happens when Goliaths fall

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[–] plyth@feddit.org 20 points 11 hours ago (1 children)

Societal Collapse benefits 99% of people who survived

[–] HasturInYellow@lemmy.world 2 points 6 hours ago

Unfortunately, I think this will not ring true in this case. Climate collapse is going to be rough for the 1-10 million people alive after the next 100 years.

[–] NaibofTabr 28 points 18 hours ago (5 children)

...except for, you know, all the people that die.

[–] otter@lemmy.dbzer0.com 2 points 5 hours ago

Hey, let's be fair: to many, that is "better off". 🥹

[–] JustTesting@lemmy.hogru.ch 6 points 8 hours ago

And the people who survive but suffered during, it's not like societal collapse is a quick weekend activity.

[–] krashmo@lemmy.world 15 points 18 hours ago (3 children)

Are we gonna pretend there's not a shit load of people dying right now as a direct result of our current system?

[–] NaibofTabr 10 points 13 hours ago* (last edited 13 hours ago)

It is really nothing compared to what will happen if the current international infrastructure supporting hospitals and food delivery breaks down.

Most people don't grow their own food, they buy it from a store. There's about a week, maybe two of fresh food in the system, depending on local population density and available suppliers. Maybe a month or two of dry goods.

Hospitals are highly dependent on consumables to provide care. In a month they're out of exam gloves, masks, sample tubes, hand sanitizer, antibiotics - then sanitation starts to break down and hospital-acquired infections start to ramp up. Less time for high-value items like anesthetics, immune suppressants and other specialty drugs. The volume of chlorine and isopropyl needed daily just to keep things clean will be a problem. Anything less than immediate life-threatening conditions starts getting turned away because the hospital is a source of danger for otherwise healthy people, and they might not have the resources to provide care anyway. The emergency room runs out of blood bags.

In the present, the things that keep people alive are dependent on just-in-time logistics systems. There's very little inventory stored anywhere, because it's cheaper to not store stuff. If the trade relationships break down and the supplies become unreliable, it falls apart. And it doesn't have to all come to a complete halt for people to die, it just has to become unstable so that sometimes the right things don't show up at the right places at the right times.

Systemic collapse would lead to orders of magnitude more deaths.

[–] CanadaPlus@lemmy.sdf.org 8 points 14 hours ago

Mortality rates are rock bottom by historical standards, if you want to bring the present into it.

[–] AndiHutch@lemmy.zip -2 points 17 hours ago* (last edited 17 hours ago)

I mean, you are right, but the media doesn't really like to cover those stories or their root causes so to the average uninformed person it can seem like that.

[–] Tower@lemmy.zip 6 points 15 hours ago

Yeah, I feel there's an "eventually" missing off the end of that.

[–] 01011@monero.town 0 points 11 hours ago* (last edited 11 hours ago) (1 children)

You ignore the people dying or just withering away right under your nose in the current system.

Or worse, you demonize them.

[–] NaibofTabr 2 points 9 hours ago (1 children)

Um, what's with the personal attack dude?

[–] otter@lemmy.dbzer0.com 1 points 5 hours ago

That's the editorial "you", not personal. Swap out for "they" or "the author". 🤗

[–] CanadaPlus@lemmy.sdf.org 8 points 14 hours ago (1 children)

Hmm, looks like this guy is an economist. The basic idea that collapse is redistributive has been kicking around for a while, so that's fine. The idea that collapse happens because of inequality has to deal with a mountain of counterexamples, and the idea that all leaders are evil has to deal with the fact most of them are just random people with the right family, historically.

Without buying his book, I'd love to know what the citation for the post-Roman thing is, and what area and period was being analysed.

[–] Sconrad122@lemmy.world 3 points 6 hours ago

It's good to be skeptical, so I'll apply the same to your comment. The idea that leaders aren't evil because they were selected based on genes/heritage relies on the assumption that being surrounded by power and examples of inequality working to your benefit as a child does not affect a person's character and that evil leaders are more often made evil either as a selection trait for, or a result of, having climbed social strata from a position outside of power to one inside of power. I find this assumption hard to accept, personally

[–] givesomefucks@lemmy.world 42 points 21 hours ago (1 children)

Maybe for 99% of the next generation that grows up in a new society...

Definitely not for 99% of society when it collapses.

[–] salacious_coaster 17 points 20 hours ago (1 children)

Yeah, when this society collapses, most of us will be dead. Maybe all, depending on how destroyed our biosphere will be.

[–] givesomefucks@lemmy.world 4 points 19 hours ago

Destroying society could actually save the biosphere...

The Mongol invasion of Asia in the 1200s took enough carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere to offset a year's worth of the world's gasoline demand today, according to a new study. But even Genghis Khan couldn't create more than a blip in atmospheric carbon compared to the overwhelming effect of agriculture.

The study, published online Jan. 20 in the journal The Holocene, looked at land use and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere between the years 800 and 1850. Globally at the time, humans were cutting down forests for agriculture, driving carbon into the atmosphere (vegetation stores carbon, so trees and shrubs are what scientists call "carbon sinks"). But in some regions during certain times, wars and plagues culled the population, disrupting agriculture and allowing forests to regrow.

https://www.livescience.com/11739-wars-plagues-carbon-climate.html

Sure, it would suck to live in Europe while it was happening, but if we didn't have that breathing room we'd really be fucked by climate change right now.

On a long enough timeline, there's very little "good" or "bad". Life, uh, finds a way.

[–] Greyghoster@aussie.zone 21 points 19 hours ago (3 children)

Most of the world now lives in huge cities. A societal collapse probably would be devastating for a much larger proportion of the population than in previous times. A lot of dead people as well as lot of dog eat dog behaviour due to no food in cities.

[–] blarghly@lemmy.world 2 points 6 hours ago

And human eat dog. And dog eat human. Because of the no food. Maybe even human eat human!

[–] HubertManne@piefed.social 4 points 16 hours ago

yeah we have never had a global societal collapse.

[–] CanadaPlus@lemmy.sdf.org -3 points 14 hours ago* (last edited 14 hours ago) (2 children)

It'd be pretty easy to migrate out of cities. And necessary, if we had to go back to more primitive, labour intensive kinds of agriculture for some reason (although I question how easy fully forgetting mechanisation would be, at this point).

Indeed, it's exactly what tends to happen after a collapse. Rome was whittled down to a minor center, almost a village, before it started to grow again IIRC.

[–] blarghly@lemmy.world 3 points 5 hours ago

We're talking about the breakdown of supply chains. Agriculture depends on those supply chains. Industrial agriculture, which relies on the mass manufacture of fertilizers, is the only way we are able to feed everyone on the planet. Sure, people would flee (literally flee) the cities - and then every country town and villiage would be filled with desperate people ready to slit your throat for an ear of corn because there literally is not enough food for everyone.

[–] Greyghoster@aussie.zone 2 points 9 hours ago

Billions of people migrating to the country. Sounds like fun!

[–] Multiplexer@discuss.tchncs.de 26 points 21 hours ago (1 children)

Only problem is, we are by now in a technological position that the next collapse has a decent chance of being our last collapse.

[–] Semi_Hemi_Demigod@lemmy.world 30 points 21 hours ago (2 children)

So we’ll be healthy and egalitarian forever, hooray!

[–] Maeve@kbin.earth 2 points 19 hours ago

About 80 years.

[–] FailBetter@crust.piefed.social 10 points 20 hours ago (1 children)

Historically, the only thing we've learned from past events is that we can't ever learn from past events

[–] otter@lemmy.dbzer0.com 1 points 5 hours ago

History loves a rhyme.

[–] metaStatic@kbin.earth 7 points 19 hours ago (1 children)

the words many and most are doing a lot of heavy lifting here

[–] otter@lemmy.dbzer0.com 1 points 5 hours ago

They're generally pretty smug about not being "always" or "never".

[–] shittydwarf@sh.itjust.works 4 points 20 hours ago
[–] graycube@lemmy.world 2 points 17 hours ago

Except for nuclear bombs in the hands of a toddler with dementia.

[–] kwomp2@sh.itjust.works 1 points 21 hours ago

It largely depends on us choosing to organize hegemony for more equality, or not.