this post was submitted on 05 Aug 2025
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A The proposed actuator produces the movement of myosin, the protein motor that moves muscles. B Many movements in vivo, such as muscle contraction and organelle transport, result from the lateral motion of myosin. A single myosin repeatedly pushes an actin filament and then returns to its position, generating long-distance lateral motion. The unique movement of myosin requires only a small area of movement, allowing it to perform tasks on various shapes of organ surfaces. C The complex pneumatic network structure inside the proposed actuator transforms the input pressure signal into myosin-mimicking motion on the surface. The thin, flexible geometry and myosin-mimicking movements allow the actuator to adapt its shape to different environments and perform tasks.

Actuators are an essential part of a robot, creating movement between the robot and its environment. Actuators with thin and flexible shapes can operate in a wider variety of environments, and actuators with multiple degrees of freedom can generate more complex movements. Here, we propose a soft pneumatic actuator in the form of a thin, flexible sheet that can generate different motion vector fields on its surface. The actuator contains dozens of thin pneumatic chambers and multi-channel pneumatic circuits connecting them in its thin body, converting input pressure into complex surface movements. Depending on the pressure sequence, it can produce surface movements in six different directions, at different speeds, and over different distances. The versatility of the proposed actuator is demonstrated through tasks such as obstacle removal in narrow pipes, in-hand manipulation, and underwater object transport.

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