Depending on how exactly you draw the line on 'slavery'... maybe? Kinda?

For the Great Pyramid, the current approximate consenus is that it was basically a corvee labor system for a large amount of the population of Egypt.

Basically, when the farmers were all in their off season, they'd be drafted for a number of months a year to aid construction as general laborers.

They were housed, fed, and paid for this, by the state/royal coffers.

They were paid in material goods like foodstuffs, as currency in the way we think of it wasn't really a thing at the time.

And yes, they absolutely did have divisions of labor, they had basically nobility or psuedo nobilility people who could largely read and write as trained architects and engineers and mathematicians and record keepers and accountants, and had a whole slew of the craftsmen / stone mason class below them.

So... it is forced labor, you couldn't really opt out, but you would be compensated.

Egypt did have roughly chattel slaves at the time, they probably participated as well, but they are estimated to be about 10% of the total population of Egypt at the time.

(Compare this to say, 1st century AD/CE Rome, where I think the estimate is more like roughly 20-30% being slaves)

There is also the religious component: It is likely that many of the drafted laborers viewed this as a privilege or sacred duty to construct the tomb of their living god-king, who they would have believed became essentially immortal, his spirit would be preserved for eternity, as a consequence of their work.

So maybe think of it as an extremely intensive mission trip to go build shelters for the needy, as a rough analogue to modernity... it was some kind of good, moral, holy thing to do.

I'm listening to Fall of Civilizations right now on ancient egypt and the pharaoh wouldn't allow something as important as direct labor of the pyramids to slaves. Instead, slaves would work to mine the materials but the construction would be done by paid laborers.

So, just like us right now?