I'm not a physicist, does this mean they've discovered magnetic monopoles?
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Yes, something like this , for some microseconds at Quantum scale. It does not have direct applications, but it opens completely new paths in physics and the understanding of matter.
Here, we present experimental evidence of an Alice ring resulting from the decay of a topological monopole defect in a dilute gaseous 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensate.
Doesn't really sound like this was an actual experiment but maybe I just missed the part where they talk about bringing it into the real world.
This is why I'm confused, contextually I've only heard of monopoles discussed in the magnetic context. I don't actually understand that sentence you quoted.
It was experimental evidence, not real world scientific data, aka a simulation not an actual life experiment or analysis of preexisting test data.
I think
This is all WAY over my head also.