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It'd need to be 13 to 80 times more massive to be a brown dwarf.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf
If it gained mass rapidly, most all the moons would likely destabilize since they'd have way too little velocity for the orbit they'd now be in. But if they sped up to accommodate, it'd depend on the density change of Jupiter. The fusion would push out material a bit, but the density would probably just increase because of the increased mass.
But if the density stayed the same, the radius would be 2.4 to 4.3 times larger than currently. With Jupiter having a radius of 70,000 km, that'd put it at 170,000 to 300,000 km radius. That'd put Metis and Adrastea inside 170, and Amalthea and Thebe inside 300. They'd already be heavily inside the jovian atmosphere, so they'd be toast. Io, Europa, and maybe others might also fall due to higher atmospheric drag at those levels.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter
I think the rest of the moons would be planets then, and the solar system would be a binary system.
If memory serves, 2010 ignited Jupiter by crashing Saturn into it. But you'd actually need about 250 Saturns (or 85 Jupiters) worth of hydrogen to get the job done. A lot of the moons would be within that new super gas giant's roche limit even before fusion began.
Yeah ... we did accidentally nuke that planet. Our bad.
in the movie the weird black rectangles started appearing in jupiters atmosphere. it might have had something to do with the aliens creating a sun for europa, which had some kind of organic life on it
Go on universe simulator and find out.
You mean the outside/real life?
Im pretty sure none of Jupiters moons would survive. But I suppose if they did perhaps they would change classification from moon to planet, but I think planet classification now also depends on size, so depending on size they still may not qualify. I don't know if any of Jupiter's moons are larger thaan Pluto, Ceres, etc.
The IAU's list of requirements to be a planet is:
- Orbit a star
- Be big enough that it becomes round
- Clear the neighbourhood (meaning you're way bigger than anything else in your orbit)
The last one is the one that disqualifies Pluto. For comparison, Pluto is roughly 8% of the mass of the other stuff in its orbit (not including Neptune, given that their orbits cross), whereas Neptune is thousands of times more than the rest of its orbit. The closest non-planet to meeting this criterion is Ceres, which is roughly one third of the rest of its orbit (in the asteroid belt).
Based on this list, I think Jupiter's four biggest moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) would make the cut.
Why wouldn't they survive? I think even if Jupiter gained enough mass to start fusion, it would not become significantly larger. It would just become more dense.
The moons would almost certainly fall into Jupiter or be thrown from its orbit if itsuddenly gained enough mass to become a star.
I assumed in this scenario that orbits would be left unchanged aside from orbital velocity - if we can magic Jupiter much bigger, we can magic the orbits too :P
I mean if we're talking magic now, then all bets are off haha
Not sure how else you would increase Jupiter's mass that much :P
We feed it everything else in the system except for the sun and hope it is appeased for another cycle :)
The sun and Jupiter are pretty close in terms of density, and Jupiter would need to get at least an order of magnitude heavier to start fusion. I think it's just a coincidence that the outward pressure of the sun's fusion makes these numbers roughly line up.
Thirteen Jupiters seems to be a commonly-given lower limit for fusion, so let's go with that. To increase mass by thirteen times while maintaining density (and assuming the whole thing is a perfect sphere, which it obviously isn't), Jupiter needs to increase its radius by a factor of about 2.35. This increases its equatorial radius to about 168,000 km, which does swallow up the three innermost moons, but leaves the four big ones alone
For the four remaining do you know if they'd be clear of the Roche Limit?
Oh, good call, I didn't think of that! Assuming I did my sums right, the Roche limit probably destroys the fourth innermost moon, but it still leaves the big four (which are the fifth through to ninth in ascending order of size of orbit). They're quite substantially farther out than the prior four
There are also like eighty smaller moons even farther out, but they don't meet the roundness criterion to be a planet because they are too small
They’re in an orbit that works with jupiters current mass. If Jupiter gained enough mass to trigger fusion then I would think that many of them would with fall in or be slung out of orbit.
I’d be interested to see if anybody has done the math though to see how that would all play out.
Aside from the orbit change mentioned, the huge increase in stellar radiation would certainly blow much of the lighter elements including water away. The core and some residuals that might remain on the far sides would be all that's left.