Would you know a virus if you saw it?
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If the kernel is compromised all bets are off. They have complete control of your machine.
Depends on the malware.
With total access, nothing would prevent the malicious code from modifying the task viewer itself to make it ignore the resources it is using.
Accounting for every way malware might be discovered is difficult, but with enough system access, it's all possible.
It also depends on the viewer. I remember using prctl() in C to chamge a process name and top showed my change but htop didn't. I'm sure a competent malware writer would be able to trick it though
iirc, postgresql renames itself in htop to show its current status and which database it's operating on
True. There are various legitimate tools that are only really one step away from malware, so it's not too hard to imagine going that one step further.
Thinking specifically of the fact that a new process is allowed to change its apparent name, as well as creating secondary process pools, but there are bound to be other, deeper ways.
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in theory, a virus can hide from them if it replaces (or LD_PRELOADs) them with something that filters the virus from its output.
those task viewers will show everything running, except some kernel modules, because they are part of the kernel.
also fast cron jobs will only be visible for a very short time. only while they run. if they run for like 250ms you probably won't notice them.