This article is weird. It spends a long long time hand-wringing over whether Tim Burke is a journalist, while not at all explaining whether he committed a crime.
Whether he did is slightly muddled -- it sounds like he used a username and password he didn't have permission to use, to log in to a web site, which sounds illegal (whether or not he's a journalist), which would make this whole article an exercise in creating a narrative that didn't happen to drive clicks. But, the credentials were sloppily exposed by a third party and were "demo credentials" in the first place, and the URLs that it gave him when he authenticated himself maybe weren't themselves password protected. So maybe there's some wiggle room. But I thought everyone prosecution and defense was in agreement that he used credentials that weren't his to log in to the web site to get the links to the videos in the first place (albeit in pursuit of a noble goal, embarrassing Fox News by airing something true about them.) I don't think being a journalist enters into it.
From a little bit better article:
According to Burke, the video of Carlson’s interview with Ye was streamed via a publicly available, unencrypted URL that anyone could access by typing the address into your browser. Those URLs were not listed in any search engine, but Burke says that a source pointed him to a website on the Internet Archive where a radio station had posted “demo credentials” that gave access to a page where the URLs were listed.
The credentials were for a webpage created by LiveU, a company that provides video streaming services to broadcasters. Using the demo username and password, Burke logged into the website, and, Burke’s lawyer claims, the list of URLs for video streams automatically downloaded to his computer.
And that, the government says, is a crime. It charges Burke with violating the CFAA’s prohibition on intentionally accessing a computer “without authorization” because he accessed the LiveU website and URLs without having been authorized by Fox or LiveU. In other words, because Burke didn’t ask Fox or LiveU for permission to use the demo account or view the URLs, the indictment alleges, he acted without authorization.