The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) were a series of eight conflicts between Protestant and Catholic factions in France lasting 36 years, The fighting ended in 1598 when Henry of Navarre, who had converted to Catholicism in 1593, was proclaimed Henry IV of France and issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted substantial rights and freedoms to the Huguenots. However, Catholics continued to have a hostile opinion of Protestants in general and of Henry, and his assassination in 1610 triggered a fresh round of Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s.
Tensions had been rising between Protestants and Catholics since 1534 but the religious and political situation worsened after Henry II (r. 1547-1559) died from an injury. His son, Francois II (Francis II, r. 1559-1560), crowned king at the age of 15, had been married to Mary, Queen of Scots (l. 1542-1587) who was the niece of Francis, Duke of Guise (l. 1519-1563) and his brother Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (l. 1524-1574). Although Francis II was of age to rule on his own, his mother, Catherine de ‘Medici (l. 1519-1589) encouraged the Guise brothers to assume control as Francis II was inexperienced and sickly.
The House of Guise, devoutly Catholic, then exercised the power behind the throne and were hostile to the efforts of the Huguenots (French Protestants) who were advancing their vision in France. In March 1560, a group of Huguenots tried to kidnap Francis II to remove him from the influence of the Guise brothers. The plot, known as the Amboise Conspiracy, was discovered and anyone thought to be involved, as well as over 1,000 other Huguenots, were executed. In retaliation, Huguenots began vandalizing Catholic churches and rising tensions led to the Massacre of Vassy in March of 1562, in which Catholics killed more Protestants, starting the first war.
Conflict continued, with periods of armed peace between hostilities, until 1598 when King Henry IV, recognizing that France would never accept a Protestant king, converted to Catholicism (allegedly, with the famous line, “Paris is well worth a Mass”). His Edict of Nantes (1598), granting rights to Protestants in France while maintaining Catholic sovereignty, ended the French Wars of Religion (which had cost approximately 4 million lives) but did not address the underlying tensions which continued to erupt throughout the next century.
French Wars of Religion - World History Encyclopedia :france-cool:
French Wars of Religion - Comprehensive Documentary - Pike & Shot Channel :macron:
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Hopefully I can word this right. I'm gonna rant
cw: grief
With my mom dying last year, grief is just making me realize, like. how hard grief is. but it also just reminds me of like how there no right or wrong way to grieve. Grief just is. In a way it feels like, under capitalism or society or I dunno. It makes things like grieving. To be like it's a simple process, like if your in an assembly line. But instead its like, you cry here at this point, or get upset at that at this point in time, but eventually it will be done. like a finished product? and that its over. to add, you got that silly "five stages of grief" that pretty bs. and goes back to what I mean how it's feels like it's suppose to be like a product on an assembly line.also speaking of this, I really hate that there a thing called "Prolonged grief disorder" that fucking like, pathologizing fucking grief. like why the fuck is that even a thing? like oh no, someone not grieving the right way, lets pathologize them! especially since like, obviously there only one proper way to grief of course! and like, fuck off. you don't just get over this and there no fucking "proper" way to go about this. and whoever came up with it should like, go "properly" fuck themselves for trying to pathologize grief out of all fucking things.
anyways there also like that atomization aspect to, like grief is just "suppose" to be something you generally do "alone". again like in an assembly line. and why would it be a feeling you deal alone, grief a pretty social emotion in lots of ways no? since it's literally reacting to the loss of someone else. someone that was like a part of this world. had social connections and social relations to others. and then there like all sorts of death/funeral/grief customs and stuff all over the world in past and present. How is it just something you just deal with alone?
I guess in some way im getting a little upset at how like, I was pretty much generally left alone to deal with this, and it's almost a year, and im just suppose to be over this? I know it will hurt less, but there is always gonna be that loss in some way. even if like it was very complicated with my mom. but I hate there this expectation that since it's almost been a year, it's "time to stop getting upset and move on." and fuck that. why the fuck is there even a time table attached to grief out of all things. should we attach time tables to other emotions to like anger, depression, despair, joy, happiness to? why is grief the one given a time table?
also speaking of emotions. why the fuck are emotions anyways treated as an individual thing? emotions can be pretty social of itself.