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Uhhh
Can someone tell me what velocity you need to launch an object at in order to reach orbit? And what accelerative forces you need in order to achieve that?
How big is this railgun? How are they handling heat from atmospheric friction? You have the same problem going up too quickly as you get coming down too quickly.
I don't know the answer to your question (unfortunately) but I've run into this idea before, and it seems that it's an idea that has been passed around for many years now including by NASA. As I understand it, one of the perks is that you don't have to carry your fuel and engines - so you don't have to move nearly as much mass. You could launch a satellite with just a protective shell around it. So the magnets don't have to instantaneously exert as much force as the rockets do during their entire burn. I assume these planes would be drones so they might be rather small.
If the idea is that they're sending up people with railguns then it's simply bullshit afaik. It would have to be rail-assisted and the output would be marginal. (edit: super long barrels have apparently been discussed for human launches [with rockets for later stages], but it appears to be generally considered unfeasible right now.)
The acceleration even for drones would be mind-numbing. Definitely some bleeding-edge engineering challenges on making something that can survive that. I'm not really well-informed on it so I won't speculate in detail, but I do get the impression that most of those challenges are theoretically solvable with today's science. However it would be a breakthrough for many applied science fields.
If any nation could do this, imo, it's China. They're really taking the lead in almost every measure right now (including the most important outside of welfare imo - research). It's not their fault if the 5eyes want to fear-monger about falling behind. (It is incredibly aggravating, though.)
What if the interior of the railgun accelerator was all a vacuum and the exit point was really really really really tall? So that impact with atmosphere at the exit of the gun was lower.
This is what StarTram is, the launch system maintains a vacuum. The system won't work without that feature.