Canada

But more to the point, the NDP has been unsuccessful at movement building and mobilization, particularly among young voters, where it tends to find support, if not turnout at the ballot box

Because most of the NDP is not from the labour movement, at lease not any more. It's a slightly-less neoliberal Liberal Party, with a problematic share of professional- and investment-class people people running it.

It's expensive to be a politician, both in terms of time and money: you need to be able to devote months to run, and tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of dollars. You need to put your working life on pause for almost a quarter of the year, and that's pretty much not an option for anyone in the working class.

I'd love to quit my job and run for office, but I have to pay rent, help my kids with tuition, not kill my career and not starve. So, basically, I can't.

But, do you know who can? Independently wealthy, usually older, usually white, people. Business owners, landlords and professional board members. People who don't need to work for a paycheque. That's most of the modern NDP, all of modern Liberals and (though Poillevre is desperately trying to hide it) every single Conservative.

This didn't used to be the case: when union membership was larger, unions would fund candidates, which ensured a working-class voice in office. And we need a voice in office for people who don't have their day-to-day needs met via a network of rich friends and a passive source of income that just keeps growing without their having to do fuck-all.