No organization of scale works their finances like a checking account. Businesses spend money on credit, and make back it + a bit off of the results. This lets them leapfrog a business cycle and do more things now. Credit has allowed big organizations to do some really impressive things.

So, lying a little bit, the government can get credit to do stuff now, and promise a chunk of tax revenue to the people who give it money. The US government does this with treasury bonds. Treasury bonds are sold today, with the promise that the government will pay more money later (from taxes and such). The government does stuff with this money, like maintain roads, build bridges, and improve tax collection - some of these things result in more tax money collected, so the treasury bonds were a good deal for the government. More money now has lead to more tax money later. Because the US government has been extremely good about paying back treasury bonds, treasury bonds are sold at nearly the amount they pay out. (Because of bad policy and covid, they are doing a little worse right now.)

Why do we do this? Many alternatives would have very bad consequences. The government does so many things in the US. If they couldn't get credit, we would get a shutdown every time the government account emptied. Because the people spending the money (executive branch employees) are not the people deciding what to buy (congress), spending and income often do not match up.

It is also certainly more efficient than having huge organizations hoard money until they can pay for things all at once. If everyone in the market did this, we would get wild swings in the amount of dollars available (sometimes several companies would be hoarding at the same time, other times they might be spending out on new buildings all at once).