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Social assistance, labour unions, funding for infrastructure, free healthcare and education.
The American President Franklin Roosevelt, who was elected during the depression, and his New Deal policies were credited with pulling millions out of poverty, expanding the middle class, increasing standards of living, and rebooting the economy.
The New Deal led to the creation of the SEC (securities and exchance commission) to protect investors from shady stock market practices and the FDIC (federal deposit insurance corporation) to protect people in case a bank fails. It increased public works funding which in turn created jobs and better infrastructure. It also created welfare programs to get people out of poverty and labour unions.
The increasing wealth gap in the United States can be tracked to the slow rollback of these policies and reduced funding for the measures put in place. In the 1980's, Reagan took the opposite approach with trickle down economics that cut funding to social programs and lowered taxes rates at the top brackets.
Now, the New Deal wasn't perfect, it left a lot of people behind, but the spirit of it goes to show how economic controls and social supports are integral to a healthy population and economy. Inversely, Reaganomics led to the 1987 stock market crash, higher unemployment, and higher income disparity.