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Ivan Aivazovsky was ridiculously good at painting light. It’s hard to believe his canvases aren’t actually illuminated.
(infosec.pub)
I love great painters of light. Especially light on water. Similarly backlit subjects, the way light interacts with the image and impacts what we see while only backlighting.
I havent read much about him but i feel like he really likes triangles, often we see very sharp triangles in water and the general shape of his subjects too. Hence I added an image of the pyramid. You can also notice it in the water and the building and the people. Just a little theory.
They are actually illuminated. They just aren't luminous.