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Nobody dies "naturally" of old age at 38.
But genetically we come from nomadic tribes, and the nomads of a 100000 years ago, had a far shorter average lifespan than after we settled and began farming. Also people of nomadic tribes in the rain forests of South America today, often don't live longer than that on average AFAIK.
When we look at animals, it is also not uncommon that a tamed animal pet can live twice as long or more than they usually do in the wild. For humans if modern environment has similar impact compared to the harsh life as a nomadic people, the double of 38 is 76 years, and that's pretty close to life expectancy today.
So I certainly wouldn't dismiss the claim outright, but the article is a bit thin on details on the science.
But it's not just medicine (as speculated by OP), it's also hygiene, food safety and work safety, so we avoid many external factors often until our body is simply too week to continue. We basically all reach an age where we are definitely ageing, and are very far from peak condition. Strength, speed and agility wise, very few sportspeople can compete over 40 years of age, despite the advantage of experience and more years of training.
This is mainly because of child mortality. When you get five children, of which two live to be 78 and 89 and the other three die at ages of 2, 14, and 8, your children's average lifespan is 38,2 years. Typically, you either died very young, or you lived old. And the average is, well, the average of those. Basically nobody died around the age of 38.
Tribal nomads of 100000 years ago did not live anywhere near to their 60's.
AFAIK they rarely lived beyond 30.
https://www.discovermagazine.com/what-was-the-life-expectancy-of-ancient-humans-44847
Note that Lifespan is not the same as life expectancy:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/lifespan
So 30000 years ago 30 years was pretty much the maximum age a person could achieve.
Life expectancy would probably have been around 15.
That still doesn't mean 30 was the maximum possible age for humans 30,000 years ago. The ratio of older to younger remains doesn't mean a whole lot unless you can prove death from old age.
It's not like we have a plethora of remains to draw these conclusions from.
Yes actually it does, above 30 would be an outlier.
Of course genetically they had about the same potential as modern people, but life was simply too harsh for people to survive above 30. The struggle to survive meant they were simply worn out at that point.
We see this even today in nomadic tribes in the rain forest of South America.