this post was submitted on 08 Sep 2025
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"Expat" is my favourite dog whistle. Because "migrant" is only used for brown people, or other undesirable minorities for racists.
From my own experience as an immigrant in The Netherlands and Britain, "expat" is generally used by Americans and Brits when living abroad and pretty much nobody else no matter what their skin tone. I mean, I've seen on or two Ozzies using it but it's way rarer with them and I suspect they were just copying the Brits and Americans. The New Zeelanders I crossed paths with weren't "expats" and neither were the Canadians. Similarly I never heard any of the other Europeans immigrants there refering to themselves as "expats".
I think "expat" is more a thing of people who thing they come from a "great country", as if somehow it's a priviledge for the other country to have them there.
I would have said the two words are different by perspective. An "expat" is talking about where you're from. An "immigrant" is talking about where you are. Also, if you start talking about 2nd generation immigrants, then "expat" can't be used at all, which means it is narrower in scope, too.
In my experience people will use "immigrant" to talk about were they're from by referring their nationality (i.e. "I'm a Portuguese immigrant") or explicitly adding a "from" and then using the country name (i.e. "I'm an immigrant from Portugal").
If talking about where they're an immigrant in, they will explicitly use "in" (i.e. "I'm an immigrant in The Netherlands").
Even though "emmigrant" is about where you were born and aren't living in anymore and "immigrant" is about were you went to, in my experience emmigrant is only ever used when physically in one's country of original and talking about living elsewhere (i.e. when in Portugal I would say "I'm an emigrant" whilst when in The Netherlands I would say "I'm an immigrant").
It's funny since as I'm writting this I remembered that when I first left my country of birth to go live abroad it actually took me a while to figure out the proper usage of the whole immigrant/emmigrant thing.
As I said, I was an immigrant in The Netherlands and worked often with other immigrants from all over there (mainly because until I learned Dutch I could only work in English-speaking environments and in my area - software engineering - those attracted immigrants), and most people would use "immigrant" when talking about were they came from (i.e. "I'm a French immigrant") and I only ever heard expat used instead of immigrant by people from Anglo-Saxon nations, overwhelmingly Brits and Americans.
That said, "expat" was used as a single word combining both "immigrant" and "emigrant" - in other words, unlike with the immigrant/emmigrant pair, the single word expat is valid both when one is physically on one's country of origin and when one is physically in one's host country: when I lived in Britain I did hear Britons saying that they were "expats" and meaning it as "living elsewhere than Britain".
And yeah, 2nd generation don't call themselves expats, but they also don't call themselves immigrants. It's only people from outside talking in general about people who are the direct descendants of immigrants in a country who will use "2nd generation immigrants" for the groups as a whole. Calling somebody who is a national of that country and has immigrant parents "an immigrant" in that country is only ever used as an insult by Far-Right extremists.
She has "MAGA" in her display name. Why listen for dogwhistles when there's a red alert siren?
BTW I had several teachers that described themselves as expats from the UK or US, and they were alright.
There is technically a difference in the definition, but mostly people use it exactly as you're describing.
I've really had to catch myself when I notice myself using it.
But honestly it's so expected that people can get confused when you call yourself an immigrant (and you aren't doing it to make yourself a martyr somehow).
I hate the word for the reasons you've said, but I know a lot of black Americans in Portugal that refer to themselves as expats.
Feels to me that the line is drawn along economic privilege lines rather than simply race.
There’s also this level of like, still identifying as being primarily of the country they’re from, like a rejection of assimilation into the place they’ve moved to. I’m not saying that’s inherently good or bad, but, it’s an interesting dynamic, and an option that a lot of immigrants don’t have.
Especially when a lot of the same type of people will throw a fit if an 'immigrant' doesn't do everything they can to assimilate.
Wherever white people get mad at black people you hear the word “thug” thrown out a lot and i always wonder if they’re just using that word to substitute another one they’re not allowed to use publicly.
For us latinos it’s immigrant.