this post was submitted on 24 Jul 2023
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Care to give examples?
Of languages that don't have articles? Russian, Japanese, pretty sure Arabic, a majority of synthetic languages have no articles.
Japanese has no pronouns depending on what you consider a pronoun, pro-drop languages like Spanish or Italian don't use subject pronouns except for emphasis.
Chinese languages have no tense. Burmese, Malay, Indonesian, Thai, Vietnamese have no tense. Pirahã has only future tense. Japanese only has 2 tenses, one is past and one is combined present and future.
Pirahã is also debated to have no number system and no names for colors.
There's plenty of features that people who speak a language think is necessary that plenty of other languages just don't have. Languages are extraordinarily different and fluid. Word meanings shifting over time, in the case of "literally" where it starts meaning something very different is one of the most common, and gives you the words like "black" in English (which came from the same word that "white" in other languages like French or Spanish came from).
No, examples of words that mean two opposite things at the same time, since you apparently said that every single word in existence has always been that way. "Bad" comes to mind, though it's a lot easier to tell from context which meaning it has compared to "literally."
Another non-english example would be the german word "umfahren" which can mean both driving around or over something, depending on context