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Brazil reduces 70% of area burned in the first quarter of 2025

Of the total burned areas, 78% are native vegetation

By Fabíola Sinumbú – Agência Brasil

In the first three months of 2025, the extent of all areas affected by fires in the country totaled 91,900 hectares. Compared to the same period of the previous year, when 2.1 million hectares were registered, there was a reduction of 70% in the national territory affected by the fire.

Of the total burned areas 78% are native vegetation, and 43% of what was consumed by fire were country formation.

Among the Brazilian states, Roraima was the one that burned the most in these three months, totaling 415,700 hectares. Pará was the second hardest hit, with 208.6 thousand hectares burned and Maranhão lost 123,800 hectares to the fire, the third being on the list. Among the cities, Pacaraima and Normandy, both in Roraima, were the most affected, with 121,500 and 119.1 thousand hectares, respectively.

According to the researcher of the Environmental Research Institute of the Amazon (Ipam) Felipe Martenexen, Roraima experiences its dry season at the beginning of the year, which makes the state particularly vulnerable to the fires in this period. “The data for the first quarter of 2025 reflect this climatic seasonality, with Roraima emerging as the main fire focus in the country,” he explains.

The figures were released on Wednesday (16) and are from Monitor of Fire, a tool of MapBiomas that uses satellite images to map scars of fire across the country.

“The occurrence of the rainy period contributes to this decrease in the fires. However, the Cerrado stood out with the largest burned area in the first quarter compared to recent years, which reinforces the need for specific strategies for prevention and firefighting of each biome,” warns Mapbiomas Fogo researcher Vera Arruda.

Biomes

Between January and March 2025, the Cerrado had an increase of 12% compared to the same period of the previous year, There were 91.7 thousand hectares burned, being 106% above the historical average since 2019.

They also grew in an area hit by fire the Atlantic Forest and the Pampa. Compared to 2024, the burned areas increased by 7% and 1.4%, respectively. While the Atlantic Forest had 18,800 hectares affected, the Pampa had 6,600 hectares burned.

The Amazon, despite having registered a 72% drop in the burned area compared to the first three months of 2024, was the biome most affected in the same period of 2025. There were 774 hectares burned, representing 78% of the national total.

“It is important to understand that the dry season of 2025, which is approaching, will probably still be strong, which may reverse this condition of reduction,” says the director of Science of Ipam and coordinator of Mapbiomas Fogo.

The Pantanal and the Caatinga also observed a reduction in their burned areas during the first three months of 2025. They had, respectively, 10.9 and 10 thousand hectares affected by fire, which represented reductions of 86% and 8% compared to the same period of 2024.

March

In the last month of the first quarter of this year, the fire reached 106,600 hectares of the country, equivalent to 10% of the total area burned in the months analyzed. Compared to March 2024, there were 674,900 hectares less burned, which represents a reduction of 86%.

Of the total in the month, the Amazon burned 55,100 hectares; the Cerrado, 37,800 hectares, the Caatinga 2,200 hectares, Atlantic Forest, 9,2 thousand hectares, the Pampa 1.5 thousand hectares and the Pantanal, 561 hectares.

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Agroforestry is recognized as a way to boost local biodiversity, improve soils and diversify farming incomes. New research suggests it may also benefit nearby forests by reducing pressure to clear them.

The study found agroforestry has helped reduce deforestation across Southeast Asia by an estimated 250,319 hectares (618,552 acres) per year between 2015 and 2023, lowering emissions and underscoring its potential as a natural climate solution.

However, the findings also indicate agroforestry worsened deforestation in many parts of the region, highlighting a nuanced bigger picture that experts say must be heeded.

Local social, economic and ecological factors are pivotal in determining whether agroforestry’s impacts on nearby forests will be positive or negative, the authors say, and will depend on the prevalence of supportive policies.

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MEXICO CITY — Officials have acknowledged the environmental damage caused by Tren Maya, and say they’re exploring ways to restore cenotes and rainforests disrupted by the railway’s construction through the Yucatán peninsula.

During a press event earlier this month, Environment Minister Alicia Bárcena said the government was looking at correcting some of the damage done by the train like deforestation of protected areas and breaking through cave walls.

“The restoration required for a project like Tren Maya is so comprehensive that reforestation is essential,” Bárcena said during the meeting. “The communities themselves can be the ones to help us restore the forest ecosystem, instead of hiring the consortiums involved in Tren Maya — companies that come, plant a tree, and it dies the next day.”

The multi-million-dollar train project stretching 1,554 kilometers (966 miles) across five states became a national controversy when it relocated local communities, drove pillars through sensitive cave ecosystems and cut into the protected rainforest of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve — often without permits.

The project caused an estimated 6,659 hectares (16,455 acres) of forest loss, one research group found.

Now that construction is largely finished, officials with the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Semarnat) reportedly want to remove fencing along the tracks, which prevents wildlife crossings. They also want to ban the construction of additional roads that would connect the train with harder-to-reach tourism activities in rainforests.

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cross-posted from: https://slrpnk.net/post/21166771

The large leaves of the aguaje, a tropical palm tree that grows in the peatlands and other seasonal wetland areas in tropical South America, form a rounded crown on its head from which its oval-shaped fruits hang heavily in bunches from December to June. When the reddish maroon reptilian-looking fruits are ready for harvest, trained tree climbers from the Indigenous Maijuna communities in the Peruvian Amazon climb the 35-meter (115-foot) gangling trees to collect them.

Previously, the Maijuna people harvested the fruit by cutting down the trees. So did many others, such as Kichwa and Kukama Kukamiria communities. While easier, this led to the degradation of the landscape and genetic diversity as aguaje trees (Mauritia flexuosa) are dioecious, meaning only female trees produce fruit. In the 1990s, the discovery of its market potential led to large-scale commercial extraction by both Indigenous communities and outsiders across the Peruvian Amazon.

“Our ancestors weren’t aware that they were harming their palm trees,” Edber Tang Rios, president of the Maijuna-Kichwa Regional Conservation Area (ACR) management committee, told Mongabay over WhatsApp voice messages. “They had no knowledge. They cut it down and, little by little, it was dying out.”

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archived (Wayback Machine)

“Everyone does it.” That’s how the representative of a sawmill described the practice of selling fake documents to illegal timber from the Brazilian Amazon as legitimate, a fraud known as timber laundering.

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...at least on paper.

One unusual characteristic of Latin American nations is their proclivity to adopt new constitutions that reflect periodic swings in political philosophies. These documents are notable for their length and the proliferation of sections addressing specific issues. Pan Amazon nations have relatively recent constitutions, and all have at least one article that obligates the state to protect the environment. Guyana (1980) and Suriname (1987) still use the constitutions adopted following their independence, which provide a brief statement assigning the state the ‘duty’ to protect [or improve] the environment. Similarly, the now-defunct constitutions of Ecuador (1978) and Peru (1979), written following military rule, committed the state to protecting the environment; following the traditions of constitutional jurisprudence, however, these constitutional iterations left the details to the legislature.

Brazil’s 1988 constitution was radically different. It includes ten articles that address nature conservation or environmental management – a thematic focus that is surpassed only by provisions detailing the federal governance structure. More importantly, it was the first country in the Pan Amazon to include access to a healthy environment as a basic human right. The national charter of Colombia of 1991 is similarly detailed, with seventeen articles mentioning rights and responsibilities linked to natural resource management and environmental protection. Peru’s 1993 constitution is less specific, but it identifies environmental management as a core government function. The Colombian Constitutional Court ruled in favor of the Indigenous authorities of Pirá Paraná in Vaupés in their legal action against the Redd+ Baka Rokarire project. Image courtesy of Mauricio Romero Mendoza.

Venezuela’s 1999 constitution is radically different from those of Peru, Colombia and Brazil, because it lays out the framework for a socialist state, but it is not substantially different on environmental issues.

The constitutions of Ecuador (2008) and Bolivia (2009) represent another radical change in constitutional law. Not only do they include a phenomenal number of provisions that are typically the domain of legislation (land, water, air, forests, and biodiversity), but they also legalize the relationship between culture and the environment. Ecuador’s is the most emphatic, stating that Mother Nature (Pachamama) has rights that must be honored by human society.

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As trees choked by saltwater die along low-lying coasts, marshes may move in — for better or worse, scientists are learning

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The world’s largest meat company, JBS, looks set to break its Amazon rainforest protection promises again, according to frontline workers.

Beef production is the primary driver of deforestation, as trees are cleared to raise cattle, and scientists warn this is pushing the Amazon close to a tipping point that would accelerate its shift from a carbon sink into a carbon emitter. JBS, the Brazil-headquartered multinational that dominates the Brazilian cattle market, promised to address this with a commitment to clean up its beef supply chain in the region by the end of 2025.

In a project to understand the barriers to progress on Amazon deforestation, a team of journalists from the Guardian, Unearthed and Repórter Brasil interviewed more than 35 people, including ranchers and ranching union leaders who represent thousands of farms in the states of Pará and Rondônia. The investigation found widespread disbelief that JBS would be able to complete the groundwork and hit its deforestation targets.

“They certainly have the will to do it, just as we have the will to do it,” said one rancher. But the goal that all the cattle they bought would be deforestation-free was unreachable, he said. “They say this is going to be implemented. I’d say straight away: that’s impossible.”

https://archive.ph/iS7pg

Yet against this landscape of devastation, empirical evidence points toward a solution so straightforward that its continued marginalization represents a profound failure of both policy and imagination: plant-based diets. The Oxford research quantifying this potential reads like environmental science fiction — global farmland requirements could contract by 75%, an area equivalent to the combined landmasses of the United States, China, European Union, and Australia. The efficiency differential between growing soy for direct human consumption versus cycling it through livestock approaches mathematical absurdity; direct consumption could reduce associated deforestation by 94%. This figure deserves repetition: ninety-four percent. Such a reduction would not represent incremental progress but transformative change — millions of hectares of forest standing rather than burning. The obstinate refusal to acknowledge this solution constitutes not merely oversight but willful blindness to empirical reality.

The path forward demands reimagining our relationship with both forests and food — a paradigm shift rather than incremental adjustment. Veganism represents not deprivation but liberation — from complicity in unnecessary suffering, from participation in ecological destruction, from the health consequences of excessive animal product consumption. The vision before us is not one of universal dietary conformity but of conscious consumption aligned with planetary boundaries and ethical principles. A food system where forests thrive and diets support rather than undermine ecosystem function represents not merely sustainability but regeneration — the positive legacy we might yet leave for future generations. The choice between continued forest destruction and dietary transformation is not technically complex but morally clarifying: no meal justifies the sacrifice of irreplaceable ecosystems, no flavor warrants the extinction of countless species. The hamburger simply isn’t worth the holocaust.

The opportunity before us transcends mere conservation to encompass redemption — a chance to prove that humanity can recognize ecological limits before crossing irreversible thresholds. The transition toward plant-predominant diets represents perhaps the single most accessible, immediate, and impactful action available to individuals concerned about environmental degradation. Unlike many climate solutions requiring policy change, technological breakthroughs, or massive infrastructure investment, dietary shift can begin with the next meal. This accessibility does not diminish its significance but enhances it; few other individual actions offer comparable potential for collective impact. By choosing plants over animals, we vote not just with our ballots or dollars but with our forks — a direct, daily referendum on the kind of world we wish to create. In this sense, veganism represents not merely ethical consumption but practical hope — a demonstration that alternatives to destruction exist and lie within our grasp.

The forests that remain standing today represent the culmination of evolutionary processes spanning millions of years — a living heritage we have no right to destroy for transient pleasures or marginal economic gains. These ecosystems, once lost, cannot be recreated through technological prowess or ecological restoration; their complexity defies human replication. The soy monocultures replacing biodiverse landscapes constitute not progress but regression — a simplification that undermines resilience and extinguishes evolutionary potential. When viewed through this lens, the choice between forest protection and meat consumption clarifies into moral imperative. We stand at a crossroads between continued destruction and transformative change, between consumption that devours the future and consumption that preserves possibility. The evidence overwhelmingly indicates that plant-based diets represent not merely personal health choice but planetary necessity — a recognition that individual preference must sometimes yield to collective survival. The forests await our decision, and history will judge our choice.

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cross-posted from: https://lemmy.world/post/28439636

The Rangeley Lakes region can often feel like a forgotten corner of Maine, far from the state’s famed coasts or cities. This western stretch is remote, rugged woodland. Forests become impassable in spring’s muddy months and cool mountain streams teem with a trout population that draws legions of recreational fishers. It’s also a part of the state where logging and timber hauls have indelibly shaped the land and livelihoods of those who live there.

Now about 78,000 acres surrounding the Rangeley Lakes may soon be linked to 500,000 acres of protected land reaching across central Maine to New Hampshire. A project announced March 18 and agreed to by four leading conservation groups and a 70-year-old timber company aims to bolster a priority spawning ground for brook trout, broaden a migration corridor for wildlife and restrict future development in the woodlands.

The plan to permanently protect lands around Maine’s Magalloway River is the brainchild of the Rangeley Lakes Heritage Trust, the Forest Society of Maine, the Northeast Wilderness Trust, and The Nature Conservancy.

https://archive.ph/TDNHQ

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cross-posted from: https://mander.xyz/post/27804314

In the Amazon, gold mining is a thriving business, pushing deep into the rainforest and indigenous lands. Small-scale operations set up primarily illicitly and operated in the shadows use mercury, a substance with neurotoxic properties, for gold extraction. Now, a team of researchers examined if trees native to the Peruvian Amazon could be used as biomonitors for gold mining activities. By examining mercury concentrations in tree rings, they concluded that some species could bear witness to illegal mining activities.

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In a quiet corner of northern New York state, the white pines of the Adirondack Forest Preserve rise like sentinels, untouched for more than 125 years. Their silence speaks volumes. These towering trees, some 150 feet (about 46 meters) tall and more than a century old, stand as evidence of a counterintuitive climate solution: do nothing.

cross-posted from: https://slrpnk.net/post/20873540

When it comes to reforestation, planting a diversity of tree species could have a plethora of positive effects on forest health and resilience, climate mitigation and biodiversity. That’s based on research from the world’s largest tree-planting experiment, in China, and the world’s longest-running tropical forest planting experiment, in Panama.

Florian Schnabel, lecturer and chair of silviculture at Freiburg University in Germany, and his team recently published two papers illustrating how planting diverse forests can buffer them against climate extremes and enhance carbon storage.

“The results of our research in Panama and in China really call for preserving and also planting diverse forests as a strategy under climate change,” he says.

Researchers with the BEF-China project planted multiple forests, ranging from just one tree species up to 24, then measured microclimate temperatures over six years.

They found that the more diverse the forest, the greater the “temperature buffering” effect during hot and cold peaks. The most diverse plantings, those with 24 species, reduced temperatures during peak midday summer heat by 4.4° Celsius (7.92° Fahrenheit) when compared to the project’s monoculture. That finding could have important consequences for biodiversity and forest functions, such as soil respiration, says Schnabel. “What was quite striking to me was how strong this [temperature buffering] effect actually was.”

archived (Wayback Machine)

cross-posted from: https://sh.itjust.works/post/31992348

Deforestation in Indonesia rose in 2024 for a third year running, a local environmental NGO said Friday, based on satellite image analysis and fieldwork.

A government official disputed the figures, saying they mischaracterised deforestation in the country.

Indonesia has one of the world's highest rates of deforestation, with key drivers including timber plantations, palm oil cultivation and, increasingly, the mining of critical minerals.

Its rainforests are some of the world's most biodiverse, providing crucial habitats for threatened and endangered species, and are key carbon sinks.

The report by NGO Auriga Nusantara said 261,575 hectares (646,366 acres) of primary and secondary forests across Indonesia were lost in 2024, over 4,000 more than the previous year.

The vast majority of the losses took place in areas opened for development by the government, the group added.

"It is worrying, as it shows the increase of legal deforestation," said Auriga Nusantara's chair Timer Manurung.

He called for "urgent" protection of forest in Kalimantan, where the highest losses were recorded as the country's new capital is built, and in Sulawesi.

Ade Tri Ajikusumah, a senior official at Indonesia's environment and forestry ministry, said the deforestation figure failed to account for replanting.

He acknowledged that government figures for "gross" deforestation in 2024 are "not significantly different" from Auriga Nusantara's, but that the NGO did not account for reforestation of over 40,000 hectares.

"We are now working to maximise land use," he said, adding that development around Indonesia's new capital involves "land that has already been released from forest status".

"These areas were previously managed by companies under existing permits. So it's not deforestation -- it was already designated for development."

The report comes as Indonesian environmentalists raise alarm over government plans to convert millions of hectares of forests for food and energy use.

President Prabowo Subianto, who assumed office in October, has pledged to boost food and energy self-sufficiency, including by expanding bio-based fuels to lower fuel imports.

Environmental groups warn the plans would spell disaster for the country's forests.

"We ask President Prabowo to issue a presidential regulation to protect all remaining natural forest," Timer told AFP.

The report is based on satellite imagery, which was analysed to confirm deforestation, and followed up with field visits to areas representing tens of thousands of hectares of forest loss, Auriga Nusantara said.

While deforestation occurred in all of Indonesia's provinces except the region around Jakarta, the biggest losses were in Kalimantan.

One driver has been the designation of an area for the new capital, the report said.

Two regional governments in the area have proposed opening up hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest to potential development, the group warned.

Most deforestation however was driven by commodities, including timber, mining and palm oil.

Auriga Nusantara said its count excluded loss in timber plantations and plantation forest, but does cover both primary forests and regenerated "secondary" forest.

The report also sounds the alarm on deforestation for biomass production, which has seen forest levelled to plant quick-growing species that will provide wood biomass.

Indonesia is keen to boost domestic use of biomass energy and export, particularly to Japan and South Korea.

And it highlighted deforestation on islands in Raja Ampat, an area known for its teeming coral reefs, as nickel mining advances.

"This area of such national and international acclaim has been unable to withstand the onslaught," the report said.

Nearly 200 hectares across four islands in the region have been deforested, the group said, with new nickel mining licences already issued for several more islands.

Auriga Nusantara said forest loss was also happening in conservation areas, despite legal protections.

cross-posted from: https://slrpnk.net/post/20816028

Umphang (Thailand) (AFP) – Scientist Inna Birchenko began to cry as she described the smouldering protected forest in Thailand where she was collecting samples from local trees shrouded in wildfire smoke.

"This beautiful, diverse community of trees and animals is being destroyed as you see it, as you watch it," she said.

Birchenko, a geneticist at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, was collecting seeds and leaves in Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary with colleagues from Britain and Thailand.

They will study how temperature and moisture affect germination and whether genetics dictate those responses.

That may one day help ensure that reforestation is done with trees that can withstand the hotter temperatures and drier conditions caused by climate change.

But in Umphang, a remote region in Thailand's northwest, the scientists confronted the toll that human activity and climate change are already having on forests that are supposed to be pristine and protected.

Birchenko and her colleagues hiked kilometre after kilometre through burned or still-smouldering forest, each footstep stirring up columns of black and grey ash.

They passed thick fallen trees that were smoking or even being licked by dancing flames, and traversed stretches of farmland littered with corn husks, all within the sanctuary's boundaries.

The wildlife for which the sanctuary is famous -- hornbills, deer, elephants and even tigers -- was nowhere to be seen.

Instead, there were traces of the fire's effect: a palm-sized cicada, its front neon yellow, its back end charred black; and the nest of a wild fowl, harbouring five scorched eggs.

"My heart is broken," said Nattanit Yiamthaisong, a PhD student at Chiang Mai University's Forest Restoration and Research Unit (FORRU) who is working with Birchenko and her Kew colleague Jan Sala.

"I expected a wildlife sanctuary or national park is a protected area. I'm not expecting a lot of agricultural land like this, a lot of fire along the way."

The burning in Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary is hardly an outlier.

Wildfires are common in Thailand during the country's spring burning season, when farmers set fields alight to prepare for new crops.

Some communities have permission to live and farm plots inside protected areas because of their long-standing presence on the land.

Traditionally, burning has helped farmers enrich soil, and fire can be a natural part of a forest's ecosystem. Some seeds rely on fire to germinate.

But agricultural burning can quickly spread to adjacent forest -- intentionally or by accident.

The risks are heightened by the drier conditions of climate change and growing economic pressure on farmers, who are keen to plant more frequently and across larger areas.

Experts warn that forests subjected to repeated, high-intensity fires have no chance to regenerate naturally, and may never recover.

Fire data based on satellite images compiled by US space agency NASA shows hotspots and active fires burning across many protected areas in Thailand over recent weeks.

Around tourist hotspot Chiang Mai, firefighting helicopters drop water on local wildfires, at a cost of thousands of dollars per mission.

But remote Umphang is far from the public eye.

Park rangers protect the area, but they are frequently underpaid, poorly resourced and overstretched, local environmentalists say.

It's a long-standing problem in Thailand, whose Department of National Parks has sometimes closed protected areas in a bid to prevent fires from spreading. The department did not respond to AFP requests for comment.

And the challenge is hardly unique to Thailand. Devastating blazes have ravaged wealthy California, Japan and South Korea in recent months.

Still, it was a sobering sight for Sala, a seed germination expert at Kew.

"The pristine rainforest that we were expecting to see, it's actually not here any more, it's gone," he said.

"It really shows the importance of conservation, of preserving biodiversity. Everything is being deforested at a very, very high speed."

Sala and Birchenko work with Kew's Millennium Seed Bank, which holds nearly 2.5 million seeds from over 40,000 wild plant species.

They want to "unlock" knowledge from the seed bank and help partners like FORRU, which has spent decades working out how to rebuild healthy forests in Thailand.

The partnership will map the genetic structure and diversity of three tree species, predict their resilience to climate change, and eventually delineate seed zones in Thailand.

"We hope that some of the population will be more resilient to climate change. And then... we can make better use of which populations to use for reforestation," said Sala.

Back in Britain, seeds will be germinated at varying temperatures and moisture levels to find their upper limits.

Genetic analysis will show how populations are related and which mutations may produce more climate-resilient trees.

But first the team needs samples.

The scientists are focusing on three species: albizia odoratissima, phyllanthus emblica -- also known as Indian gooseberry -- and sapindus rarak, a kind of soapberry tree.

The three grow across different climates in Thailand, are not endangered and have traditionally been used by local communities, who can help locate them.

Still, much of the search unfolds something like an Easter egg hunt, with the team traipsing through forest, scanning their surroundings for the leaf patterns of their target trees.

"Ma Sak?" shouts Sala, using the local name for sapindus rarak, whose fruits were once used as a natural detergent.

It's up to FORRU nursery and field technician Thongyod Chiangkanta, a former park ranger and plant identification expert, to confirm.

Ideally seeds are collected from fruit on the tree, but the branches may be dozens of feet in the air.

A low-tech solution is at hand -- a red string with a weight attached to one end is hurled towards the canopy and looped over some branches.

Shaking it sends down a hail of fruit, along with leaves for Birchenko to analyse. Separate leaf and branch samples are carefully pressed to join the more than seven million specimens at Kew's herbarium.

The teams will collect thousands of seeds in all, carefully cutting open samples at each stop to ensure they are not rotten or infested.

They take no more than a quarter of what is available, leaving enough for natural growth from the "soil seed bank" that surrounds each tree.

Each successful collection is a relief after months of preparation, but the harsh reality of the forest's precarious future hangs over the team.

"It's this excitement of finding the trees... and at the same time really sad because you know that five metres (16 feet) next to the tree there's a wildfire, there's degraded area, and I assume that in the next years these trees are going to be gone," said Sala.

The team is collecting at seven locations across Thailand, gathering specimens that are "a capsule of genetic diversity that we have preserved for the future", said Birchenko.

"We are doing something, but we are doing so little and potentially also so late."

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.world/post/22397825

Summary

Denmark will convert 15% of its farmland into forests and natural habitats over the next 20 years to combat fertilizer runoff, which has caused severe oxygen depletion in Danish waters and marine life loss.

The $6.1 billion plan includes planting 1 billion trees and acquiring farmland, addressing emissions from agriculture, Denmark’s largest greenhouse gas source.

The initiative supports Denmark’s 2030 goal to cut emissions by 70% from 1990 levels and makes it the first country to impose a carbon tax on agriculture under its Green Tripartite agreement.

cross-posted from: https://sh.itjust.works/post/31542364

The “Board Game Road” is an impressive example of how game publishers from Europe are working together to create a forest in Ghana.

Games are not only entertaining, they can also change the world for the better in the long term.

Since 2023, over 10 different game publishers have been working together to create a huge forest in Ghana along the Board Game Road.

In 2024, 16 game publishers are already involved in the Board Game Road project – more than 5,000 trees have already been planted.