UK Nature and Environment

The population of the corncrake, one of Scotland's rarest birds, has seen a "promising" increase on the isle of Canna, the National Trust for Scotland says.

A survey on the small island in the Inner Hebrides found 12 to 14 calling mates compared to one or two in previous seasons.

Corncrakes have been in decline due to intensive agricultural methods and are one of 26 priority species listed by the trust.

The National Trust for Scotland (NTS) said the "buoyant" population can be attributed to new farming practices that support conservation.

Thousands of "giant spiders" which were released into the wild by a zoo are thriving in the wild and have had a record mating season, conservationists have said.

Chester Zoo released the spiders a decade ago as part of a project with the RSPB which aimed to save the species from extinction.

More than 10,000 breeding female Fen Raft spiders have been recorded this year, with zoo bosses hailing the breeding programme "a success".

A project to boost biodiversity in a former plantation woodland has seen conservationists take some unusual measures to liven up its “boring” trees.

Work is being under taken at Goblin Combe in North Somerset by the Avon and Somerset Wildlife Trust in a bid to boost the population of three species of bats and dormice.

The site was previously a timber plantation, meaning the trees “are quite young and quite dull” for wildlife, reserve manager Andy Jones said.

As well as tree-thinning to allow more light to the woodland floor, the team have been “veteranising” some young trees to give them the right features to attract bats, birds and insects.

Processes intended to decontaminate noxious liquid landfill waste before it enters rivers and sewers have been found to increase the levels of some of the worst toxic chemicals, a study has shown.

Landfills are well known to be a main source of PFAS forever chemicals – or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances – but the new study shows that the treatment plants designed to clean up the liquid waste can instead boost the levels of banned PFAS such as PFOA and PFOS, in some cases by as much as 1,335%.

PFAS are a family of about 15,000 human-made chemicals with nonstick properties that are used in a wide range of consumer products and industrial processes. They can take thousands of years to break down in the environment and the handful that have been studied in detail have been found to be toxic, with PFOA and PFOS linked to cancers and other diseases. PFAS pollution is widespread, having been found in the remotest parts of the world, and it is thought every US citizen has it in their blood.

Amid the negative daily news, a beacon of hope shines through.

Transition Chichester have recently completed a film festival at Chichester Cinema and the documentary film, ‘Our Sea Forest’ filled me with hope. A packed auditorium were inspired during the 30-minute showing of the impact of increased trawling since the 1980s and encouraging revival of the marine ecosystems off the Sussex coast.

The two heroes of the show were the Sussex Wildlife Trust and the 73 year-old free diver Eric Smith, who have worked alongside the fisheries management authority and other charities and partners.

A rare fungus has been spotted in an East Anglian park for the first time by a Suffolk woman.

Favolaschia Calocera also known as Orange Ping Pong Bat Fungus, was discovered by fungi enthusiast Astrid Ivy Martin, 44, whilst walking through Orwell Park.

The fungus originates from Madagascar and has been spotted in the UK on a number of occasions since 2012 where it was thought to have made the 9,000 kilometre journey on imported wood.

A new species of moth has been seen on Alderney that wildlife experts believe is a first sighting for the Channel Islands.

The Robust Tabby moth (Pandesma robusta) was recorded in October by the head of Alderney Wildlife Trust's (AWT) moth monitoring team, Lou Collings.

The charity said the Robust Tabby, which is a member of the Erebidae family, had been found across a range extending from Asia through Africa to the Mediterranean, as far north as Spain and Portugal.

The AWT said the moth's appearance in Alderney was "intriguing" and could be the result of recent strong southerly winds blowing it off its usual course.

Chris Packham has criticised the Government for not mentioning climate or nature in its Budget during a protest march against water pollution in central London.

The naturalist and TV presenter said the omission was “scary” given the “parlous state” of the UK’s lakes, rivers and seas as he addressed demonstrators in London on Sunday.

An estimated 15,000 people joined a range of environmental groups, including River Action, Greenpeace, the Wildlife Trusts and British Rowing, on the March for Clean Water to demand tougher action on keeping the UK’s waterways clean.

A nature charity is searching for a team of conservationists to live and work on a remote island off the south coast of the Isle of Man.

Manx Wildlife Trust has had a bird observatory based on the Calf of Man since the 1950s, and over the years the team has grown from one to four.

The charity is looking for a bird warden, assistant bird warden, estate warden and assistant estate warden.

Calf Manager Lara Howe said the roles gave the charity "really important information about what is going on with our bird species" and allowed for long-term data collection.

Montane scrub provides protection from flooding, avalanches, rockfalls and landslides and supports a range of rare insects and scarce birds.

Overgrazing by deer and sheep on Scotland’s peaks since the 18th century contributed to a rapid decline in high-altitude woodland. By the 1990s, native montane willows were nearly extinct, with the largest remaining patch equivalent to the size of a tennis court.

Since then, almost 400,000 montane willows have been planted within 2,659 hectares managed for the restoration of mountain woodlands across Scotland, bringing the trees back from the brink of extinction.

Proposals to build a tidal barrage across the Mersey Estuary have sparked concerns for the myriad wildlife in the area.

The Mersey Barrage is a proposed tidal barrage across its namesake estuary, which is situated between Liverpool and the Wirral Peninsula. The River Mersey is considered to be a suitable source of marine renewable energy in the UK because of its strong current and tidal range of up to 10 m.

The idea of a barrage in the Mersey was first floated as long ago as 1984. This year, in March, the Mersey Tidal Power Project was launched by Liverpool City Region – and the plan was put to public consultation in September.

A conservation charity has called for cuts to nature and forestry services to be reversed when the Scottish Government gets an extra £3.4bn in funding following the Westminster Budget.

The Scottish Government will receive a £47.7bn provision in the next financial year, with Woodland Trust Scotland (WTS) saying a portion should be dedicated to restoring funding cut from the forestry sector.

In December 2023, the Scottish Government announced a £32m – or 41% – reduction in the money available to the Forestry Grant Scheme which is responsible for forestry activity across the commercial timber and nature conservation.

Sea eagles were last seen soaring over the shimmering mud flats and brackish tidal waters of the Severn estuary more than 150 years ago. Now wildlife charities have unveiled innovative plans to bring the raptor back to the estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel between south-west England and south Wales, by 2026.

“Sea eagles used to be common in these regions. But they were wiped out through human persecution,” says Sophie-lee Williams, the founder of Eagle Reintroduction Wales, which is leading the project. “We strongly believe we have a moral duty to restore this lost native species to these landscapes.”

Britain’s sea eagles, which have a wing span of up to 2.4 metres, were shot and poisoned by landowners until the early 20th century, with the last known native eagle shot in Shetland in 1918. However, birds from Norway were brought to Scotland in the 1970s and 1980s and there are now estimated to be 152 pairs across the country. Some of the Scottish birds were released on the Isle of Wight in 2019, with three eaglets successfully reared by their parents so far.

In a year when a “butterfly emergency” has been declared, one species in Northern Ireland is bucking the trend.

The marsh fritillary made its presence felt in autumn, when the caterpillars spin striking webs in long grass.

A total of 679 webs were counted across 20 sites in 2024 – an increase of 423 compared to 2023.

But the species is still vulnerable, with the number of sites where it is found across the UK almost halving between 1985 and 2019.

The Environment Agency has announced there will be 30 extra officers in the East of England who will focus on investigating pollution incidents by the water industry.

A Southend Water Summit held in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, was told the increase in officers would mean ten times the number of inspections.

Anglian Water has been prosecuted and fined last year for discharging sewage into waterways and sea. The summit heard the company had been prosecuted five times since 2022.

Anglian Water said it was investing £104m into improving the sewage system and reducing storm discharges in Southend.

A project set up to boost Scotland's rare population of medicinal leeches has got its first babies.

Twenty have hatched in a captive-breeding programme at the Highland Wildlife Park at Kincraig, near Aviemore.

They are the offspring of leeches collected in Dumfries and Galloway, one of the few places in Scotland where the creatures are known to survive in the wild.

The leeches were once widespread but declined in numbers in the 18th and 19th centuries due to their use in medicine and loss of wetland habitats.

As part of National Highways’ A30 Chiverton to Carland Cross upgrade, and among a number of environmental mitigation measures, the bespoke bat house was constructed close to the new dual carriageway early in 2022.

Following extensive survey work and planning with Cornwall Environmental Consultants Ltd, Costain constructed the insulated house incorporating specially designed crevices and open flying spaces to accommodate the needs of varying bat species.

Two years on and the teams have now discovered Lesser horseshoe bats roosting in their new home – constructed of locally sourced Cornish stone and slate – along with recorded activity of brown long-eared and common pipistrelle and myotis bat species.

A commuter car park in Essex is to be one of the first test cases of whether the government will enforce new legislation aimed at protecting national parks and landscapes in England.

Dedham Vale is a designated “national landscape” on the border of Essex and Suffolk, home to increasingly rare species including hazel dormice and hedgehogs. Within it is Manningtree station, where the train operator Greater Anglia built an extension to the car park to cope with increased traffic.

Campaigners say the 200-metre long wall and a bike shed built as part of the extension inhibits public access to St Edmund Way, an ancient pilgrimage path, generates light pollution and threatens habitats. They are now locked in dispute with the planning inspectorate over whether the development should be allowed to stay and have applied for a judicial review, which is likely to be heard early next year.

A delicate heathland plant could return to one of the UK's ancient woodlands as part of a new conservation project.

Erica cinerea, otherwise known as bell heather, is believed to have disappeared from Epping Forest in the 1960s.

It has struggled to survive in Essex and its only known location in the county is Tiptree Heath near Colchester.

Conservationists from the Essex Wildlife Trust will transport root cuttings, from Tiptree, to Epping Forest.

Thousands of people will march on London on Sunday at a family-friendly rally to highlight the importance of clean water in their lives. The BBC speaks to residents near one rural waterway, which scientists found had the second highest levels of active pharmaceutical pollution in the UK.

"You'd think as a country we would be able to look after our most pristine landscapes", says cold water swimmer Jo Broughton.

Jo Broughton has not dipped even a toe in Tideswell Brook, in the heart of the Peak District National Park, since August.

One of the reasons lies in the findings of a study that discovered the brook had the second highest levels of active pharmaceutical pollution in the UK - drugs such as antidepressants and antibiotics were detected in the water.

The results for this year's Great British Beach Clean are in! Find out how much litter our brilliant volunteers collected over the 10-day event.

Thanks to the hard work of volunteers all across the UK and Channel Islands, this year's Great British Beach Clean was a smashing success!

We were delighted to see even more of you join us at the beach this year, with 5,845 volunteers taking part in 476 events to help clean up and survey our coastline.

A whopping 249,823 litter items were collected, weighing 6,048kg and filling 1,675 bags! By removing this litter, our volunteers helped prevent it from entering our ocean and harming our marine life.

With the details of the Labour Government’s long anticipated Budget now unveiled, The Wildlife Trusts’ Senior Land Use Policy Manager Barnaby Coupe looks at the implications for Defra’s flagship environment schemes and support for nature-friendly farming.

Rachel Reeves’ announcement today confirmed that Defra’s annual budget for nature-friendly farming would be maintained at £2.4 billion. Considering the rumours of significant spending cuts in the build-up to the budget, you would be forgiven for thinking that Defra has dodged a bullet by securing the same amount of money going forward. Whilst this outcome is better than many expected and retains a significant budget for nature-friendly farming, the picture is far from rosy.

Notwithstanding that the farming budget hasn’t increased since 2007, meaning a real terms funding cut after inflation, the fact remains there is not enough money in the pot for Defra to do everything it needs to do. Independent analysis on behalf of The Wildlife Trusts, RSPB and National Trust conducted earlier this year found that £3.1 billion needs to be spent on nature-friendly farming and land management annually in England to meet the UK Government’s own legally binding targets. Calls for a budget increase were echoed by farming groups.

Conservationists are calling on business and industry to help fund an ambitious project to restore the landscape of the Darent Valley in Kent.

They hope it will help protect current wildlife species, as well bring back others that have been virtually lost, such as wild brown trout.

Marc Crouch from Kent Wildlife Trust said: “A key aim of the project is habitat and river restoration - re-wetting and creation of wetland habitat, flood mitigation and addressing barriers to fish passage.”

The Autumnwatch team may have observed "the highest population of badgers anywhere ever recorded", presenter Chris Packham has said.

The animals were tracked in the dark during last night's episode broadcast from Wytham Great Wood near Oxford.

The team relied on thermal cameras that see the creatures' body heat.

Mr Packham said there were about 250 adult animals in about 20 social groups, with 1,000 holes to emerge on the wood's grounds.

Rare spiders are among 55 different species of athropods that have been found living at a nature reserve.

The British Arachnological Society, external, a charity dedicated exclusively to spiders and their relatives, conducted research at Orford Ness near Orford in Suffolk.

Of the 55 spider species, the National Trust site was found to be the home to 12 that are nationally rare or scarce.