Where should I mount my internal drive partitions?

As far as I searched on the internet, I came to know that

/Media = mount point for removable media that system do it itself ( usb drive , CD )

/Mnt = temporarily mounting anything manually

I can most probably mount anything wherever I want, but if that's the case what's the point of /mnt? Just to be organised I suppose.

TLDR

If /mnt is for temporary and /media is for removable where should permanent non-removable devices/partitions be mounted. i.e. an internal HDD which is formatted as NTFS but needs to be automounted at startup?

Asking with the sole reason to know that, what's the practice of user who know Linux well, unlike me.

I know this is a silly question but I asked anyway.

Which folders and files do I need to exclude from TimeShift?

Also is there a way to also exclude programs installed as .deb ?

I doing this to reduce Backup size as I have limited storage.

100GB - Windows 11
400GB - Storage
400GB - Mint
100GB - TimeShift

So which one is actually official one? I can't describe what "official" mean here, maybe the one that actually came from reddit or the one with more subsscribers or one with more activity ?

Also Why there are multiple copies of same community in different instances? Isn't the whole point of lemmy is that it is federated?

There is also three linux4noob communities 🥲

Can I delete previous backups, without affecting following backups, Since TimeShift (RSync) make increamental backups.

I've tried to stow dot files by following online blog/form, and it worked now, I tried to manage my $HOME/bin directory with stow, but it didn't

$HOME/.dotfiles directory structure

/home/USER/.dotfiles/
|-- bash
|   |-- .bash_aliases
|   |-- .bash_logout
|   `-- .bashrc
|-- .git
|   |-- branches
|   |-- COMMIT_EDITMSG
|   |-- config
|   |-- description
|   |-- HEAD
|   |-- hooks
|   |-- index
|   |-- info
|   |-- logs
|   |-- objects
|   `-- refs
|-- git
|   `-- .gitconfig
|-- .gitignore
|-- install.sh
|-- Makefile
|-- .stow-local-ignore
|-- vim
|   `-- .vimrc
`-- zsh

$HOME/bin/src directory structure

/home/USER/bin/
|-- src
|   |-- backup
|   |   |-- backup
|   |-- clone
|   |   `-- clone
|   |-- epub2html
|   |   `-- epub2html
|   |-- gnome-nightlight
|   |   `-- nightlight.sh
|   |-- list
|   |   `-- list
|   |-- new
|   |-- pomorodo
|   |   |-- notification.wav
|   |   |-- old_pomo
|   |   |-- pomorodo
|   |   `-- test
|   |-- revoke_exec
|   |   `-- revoke_exec
|   |-- rm_exec
|   |   |-- rm_exec
|   |   `-- tmp
|   |-- install

Where is my mistake and thanks in advance.

cross-posted from: https://lemdro.id/post/9853743

I'm running OpenSUSE leap 15.5, When I was on the linux mint, I was using warpinator but using it on openSUSE is troublesome and I wish there was a linux version of blip but unfortunately there is not.

Display of OpenGL context works fine on Windows, no issues with resizing. Function glViewport works as intended.

It only has issues with X11 on Linux (no plans yet to implement Wayland due to lack of free time). Resizing breaks everything, and it doesn't really work the way you expect (point of triangle moves down if you make it taller, etc). I cannot find anything on if I should call anything else besides glViewport, only that "you should use [insert already existing library], which will take care of this behavior". Others are suggesting me that it's an issue with my distro, but I cannot find any OpenGL testcase that is small enough to test on my VM or my Raspberry Pi to actually test whether that's the case.

Is there a way to use scrcpy without requiring my phone screen to actually be on?

I saw that there's this nifty xdg-ninja that informs you on what you have installed that doesn't respect the XDG spec, if it has support for it or not and what you can do to make it comply.
But now I was wondering if there was any tool to do the actual work automatically, I believe I have once seen a program that spoofed your home directory to non-complying apps so that you could transparently override their whole app data location to a path you wanted so they can keep functioning, but I can't for the life of me find it again.
It would be double awesome if it did both, i.e. auto-applying any changes to apps that support XDG but need to be configured to enable it and, for those who don't, forcefully spoofing the home directory

(my first post on lemmy so I hope I'm doing this right)

Distro: Spiral Linux (Debian, KDE spin), by recommendation

System: Lenovo ThinkPad X13 Gen 2 (Intel) (distro recommended as I am looking for Debian(-based), + btrfs, snapshots, and fde, included via the gui installer)

I'm having issues getting ModemManager to unlock my X55 modem. This morning I wiped my drive to install Spiral (KDE), coming from Kubuntu 24.04. While the modem worked after running the proper fcc unlock script in Kubuntu, it is entirely missing in my Spiral install. While I assumed that it would not be that simple, I copied /etc/ModemManager from my Kubuntu live environment to Spiral, ran

sudo ln -sft /etc/ModemManager/fcc-unlock.d /usr/share/ModemManager/fcc-unlock.available.d/105b:e0ab

and restarted, but alas that's not enough, so I'm stuck. I have added the network profile + apn to ModemManager (the UI) but of course without the modem unlocked, I can't connect. I'm new to cellular modems in Linux (this was a windows machine until ~6 weeks ago) but I'm otherwise comfortable with the terminal and commands. The modem was working as expected last night in Kubuntu.

I haven't got the system setup yet (trying this first before going further) so if I botch this, an install is no problem. I'm assuming it's either (or both?) a service, or a missing package that sets up what's needed, but I'm at a loss as to how to proceed.

I discussed this here https://lemmy.world/comment/10540509 this morning, though I think I got all the important details typed up above. But maybe it could be useful somehow.

Any suggestions are welcomed :)

So I was looking for some kind of Ulauncher functionality (file/directory search) and direct url opening from rofi or dmenu and I found dmenu-extended, but I doesn't work at all for me and maybe someone more experienced can help me with this.

My first problem is that I cannot make nomacs the default image viewer with dmenu_extended, although the default image viewer in my system is nomacs, when I open any file image with dmenu_extended, it always open it with some basic image viewer but not with nomacs, to launch it with nomacs I need to first type 'nomacs:' and then the file route.

And other problem that I'm facing is that when I try to open Steam (installed as a flatpak) it never opens, instead gives me this error message:

xdg-open: file '/usr/bin/flatpak run --branch=stable --arch=x86_64 --command=/app/bin/steam --file-forwarding com.valvesoftware.Steam @@u' does not exist

I started to use Linux Mint on my VM, however it seems like it uses a different channel for packages, which means I get some outdated packages such as D compilers, which makes me unable to compile my programs.

While the D compilers have some userspace installer scripts, they're userspace only, meaning they need initialization scripts, which only work until the end of the given shell instance, which makes it particularly hard to use in certain contexts.

Is there some "untested" or similar branch to get some newer stuff? The compilers don't seem to interfere with anything system level, so it should be fine.

I would like to set a specific command to not require sudo privileges, is there a way to accomplish this? I know you can add commands to the sudoer file to allow certain commands to be used by non root accounts, so maybe there is something similar for adding commands to allow regular users to use?

I'm looking to move to Linux, but I've seen there is a gaming bug related to the kernel. The issue is reportedly fixed in 6.9, but I can't find the version used in the current release on GitHub.

I'm currently looking at Bazzite, but knowing how to locate the kernel version (prior to download) would be helpful for any distro.

Inspired by this post by Randall Munroe.

I want something that does basically the same thing - mirror the keyboard's letter and common punctuation keys - but while pressing either of the Alt keys instead of using CapsLock. Also, I use Dvorak, not QWERTY.

I'd rather use my thumb as the modifier so that reaching the shift key in addition to the modifier key doesn't mess with my finger movement too much, and this way I'll be able to type one-handed with either my left or right hand. Also, I never use any of the Alt shortcuts that use the letter/punctuation keys, so getting rid of those shortcuts won't be a problem

Any ideas on how this could be accomplished? I'm on Linux Mint 21.3 Cinnamon (but also have a Mint MATE laptop that I'd like to replicate this on, if possible).

Edit: All I've tried so far is checking the keyboard layout options to try to turn off Alt shortcuts activating the top bar of applications, to free them up for the shortcuts I'd need, but no luck so far.

Apparently there is a F35 Key within xkbcommon.

I know about F1-24 where the upper level was accessible by holding down a modifier key; So how are keys beyond this issued via a keyboard (my keyboard is qwerty, de_DE if of interest)?

And... why the fuck was it a good idea to expand the function keys beyond 24?

Hello, I broke my laptop about a week ago and could use a hand figuring out the best approach for recovering the files when my new laptop arrives

The laptop was running fedora and would have used whatever encryption option is default in the fedora installer (The laptop required a password before it'd fininish booting so I'm pretty confident it was encrypted), which I believe would be LUKS?

If I understand correctly the ssd is a socketed sata drive, so I figured I'd buy a sata drive enclosure when I get my new laptop that'd let me plug it in via USB

I have the password I needed to boot when the device was working, if I get a sata enclosure can I access the files?

Any input, guidance, thoughts or suggestions are appreciated :)

SOLVED by joneskind

I have Ubuntu 20.04.1, I've installed ollama and a couple llms, it's amazing, but tinyllama is gibberish and I've just realized I don't know how to remove the llms from my computer or where they're stored, or anything about them.

Mistral is very impressive btw

Hey guys, I made the switch to Linux about a week ago and have mo complaints so far. Except maybe this: I can't seem to find a way in Linux to get proper loudness equalization like I got on windows.

My issue is that I have a bunch of media, especially shows and movies, that are suffering from way too loud gunshots, explosions, music and so forth and really quiet dialogue. I know this is because sound engineers make the audio fit for cinemas and not my living room, it is a problem nonetheless.

Under windows there is a simple toggle in even the most basic sound cards and settings called loudness equalization, that corrects those perceived differences quite effectively, which Linux is lacking. A bit of web search led me to the term ReplayGain, which seems to be the proper name for it, and I enabled it for my media from within the player apps. However it doesn't really work like i am used to.

Sounds and language constantly change volume mid sentence, which is very irritating to me. ReplayGain also doesn't really help avoiding those sudden bursts of loudness, I still blast awake my neighbors on accident when watching a move later at night.

Is there some way to get at that windows audio codec or whatever they use, that works so much better?

Thanks for reading

I am running EndeavorOS with XFCE 4 and am using Mullvad as my VPN. To be clear I know Mullvad's client has a lockdown and kill switch mode but it seems like after updating it my PC is connecting to the internet without it. I could be mistaken but I don't think it's blocking anything at that point. I would likely have to wait until the next Mullvad update to test this for sure though. If someone can either confirm or deny my suspicions I would greatly appreciate it because I wouldn't have to find another work around.

All that said if that is the case, how can I prevent my PC from connecting to the internet when Mullvad is not running?

Maybe there's a simple option like binding the network manager to mullvad client application? Ideally I'd like to avoid either not using their client and using some thrown-together update script like

#!/bin/bash

xfce4-terminal --command="sudo pacman -Syu";

/opt/Mullvad VPN/mullvad-vpn";

Edit: Maybe it is connecting after the update but not showing the GUI. I came across this post on GitHub

I have a Mullvad desktop app set to launch on start-up. Also "Start minimized" is set to false. At the system start-up I get connected to the VPN, so the Mullvad daemon apparently starts, but no application window launches. I have to launch it manually.

I did not check to see if this was happening after I updated.

Hello I am wondering if there is increased network/packet security by connecting to a server over ssh through a VPN hosted by that same server as opposed to without first tunneling by VPN. I imagine with or without tunneling through a VPN there would be latency/speed differences too?

I have been using sway (basically i3 for Wayland) instead of a traditional desktop environment because it really makes a difference in my laptops performance.

But apparently sway ignores .desktop files which was how i was autostarting things on KDE.

Is the best way to handle this by going through the sway config? If not, how would you do it.

Bonus points if you can tell me how to get the autostart programs to also open in specific workspaces.

Previously used Endeavors, OpenSUSE, PopOS and GTA run 5 fps now on Fedora it run 25-40fps 1080 high