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In a new threat against a sovereign state, US President Donald Trump declared on Sunday that Cuba will no longer receive oil or money from Venezuela. “No more oil or money for Cuba. Zero! I strongly urge you to make a deal before it’s too late,” Trump wrote on social media.

In his statement, he affirmed: “Cuba lived, for many years, on large amounts of oil and money from Venezuela. In return, Cuba provided ‘security services’ for the last two Venezuelan dictators, but not anymore!”

In an attempt to make his US followers believe that the US is in control of Venezuela, the US ruler added that “most of those Cubans are dead from last weeks US attack, and Venezuela doesn’t need protection anymore from the thugs and extortionists who held them hostage for so many years.”

Quienes culpan a la Revolución de las severas carencias económicas que padecemos, deberían callar por vergüenza. Porque saben y lo reconocen, que son fruto de las draconianas medidas de asfixia extrema que EE.UU nos aplica hace seis décadas y amenaza con superar ahora.

— Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez (@DiazCanelB) January 11, 2026

Cuban response
In response to Trump’s threats against Havana, Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel recalled Sunday that his country “has been attacked by the US for 66 years.”

“Cuba is a free, independent, and sovereign nation. Nobody dictates what we do. Cuba does not attack; it has been attacked by the US for 66 years, and it does not threaten; it prepares, it is ready to defend the homeland to the last drop of blood,” the president stated.

On social media, the Cuban president stated that the US regime “has no moral authority to point the finger at Cuba in anything, absolutely anything, since they turn everything into a business, even human lives.” He added that “those who are now hysterically venting their anger against our nation are sick with rage at the sovereign decision of this people to choose their political model.”

“Those who blame the Revolution for the severe economic hardships we suffer [today] should be silent out of shame. Because they know and acknowledge that these hardships are the result of draconian measures of extreme strangulation that the US has been applying to us for six decades and threatens to surpass now,” he emphasized.

Criminal and uncontrolled hegemon
Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez also responded, emphasizing that the US “behaves like a criminal and uncontrolled hegemon that threatens peace and security, not only in Cuba and this hemisphere, but throughout the world.”

Cuba does not receive and has never received monetary or material compensation for security services provided to any country.

“Unlike the US, we do not have a government that lends itself to mercenary activity, blackmail, or military coercion against other states. Like every country, Cuba has the absolute right to import fuel from those markets willing to export it and that exercise their own right to develop their commercial relations without interference or subordination to the unilateral coercive measures of the US,” he added

Following the US military aggression against Venezuela on January 3, which culminated in the kidnapping of President Nicolás Maduro, Donald Trump has made statements threatening to increase pressure on Cuba. The president stated on January 10 that “going in and destroying” Cuba might be the only option left to force “change.”

Statement from Venezuela
Through a statement published Sunday by Venezuela’s Foreign Minister Yván Gil on social media, Venezuela reaffirmed its historical brotherhood with Cuba based on solidarity and cooperation.

Venezuela claimed that international relations must be governed by the principles of self-determination, international law, and national sovereignty.

The full unofficial translation of the statement follows:

The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela reaffirms its historical position within the framework of relations with the Republic of Cuba, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and international law, regarding the free exercise of self-determination and national sovereignty.

The relationship of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela with the Caribbean and the Republic of Cuba has historically been based on brotherhood, solidarity, cooperation, and complementarity.

Venezuela reaffirms that international relations must be governed by the principles of international law, non-intervention, the sovereign equality of states, and the self-determination of peoples. We reiterate that political and diplomatic dialogue is the only way to peacefully resolve disputes of any nature.

A six-decade blockade
In October 1960, the US established an embargo against Cuba. Subsequently, in 1962, President John F. Kennedy drastically tightened the measures, imposing a near-total trade blockade that profoundly impacted the Cuban economy.

The Dark Time of the Leviathans

Initially conceived as a temporary action to obtain compensation, the embargo has not only been maintained for six decades under 12 different US rulers, but has also been reinforced with successive illegal sanctions.

The Cuban government indicated that at current prices the accumulated damages over more than six decades of application of this policy amount to $170,677.2 million.

Currently, virtually every country in the world condemns the US blockade. Likewise, the UN General Assembly has spoken out against these policies on dozens of occasions. Traditionally, the US and Israel vote against ending the blockade.

(Alba Ciudad) with Orinoco Tribune content

Translation: Orinoco Tribune

OT/JRE/JB


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By Prince Kapone  –  Jan 8, 2026

Empire Drops the Mask and Speaks in Orders
Trump 2.0 is not running an empire that still believes it has to convince anyone of anything. It is running an empire that believes persuasion is a waste of time. The old choreography—summits, joint statements, humanitarian sighs, carefully rehearsed talk about “shared values”—has been shoved aside. What replaces it is blunt speech. Empire no longer negotiates; it announces. It states the outcome first and tells the world to catch up. Venezuela is not being treated as a disagreement, a “failed state,” or a moral problem in need of guidance. It is being used as a stage. A warning shot. A live demonstration of what happens when a country insists on behaving like a sovereign inside a hemisphere Washington claims as its own.

That is why the kidnapping of a sitting head of state is treated in Washington not as a crime but as a paperwork issue. The argument is not whether the act shattered international law—it did—but whether the empire followed its own internal procedures after the fact. This inversion tells us everything. Under hyper-imperialism, legality no longer restrains power; it trails behind it like a clerk trying to catch up with a thief who has already left the building. Empire does not ask permission. It files memos afterward.

This shift is not accidental, and it is not improvised. It is written plainly into doctrine. The 2025 National Security Strategy makes the hemisphere the primary zone of enforcement. The language is revealing: “preeminence,” “denial,” “pushback.” China and other rival powers are not accused of invasion or colonization; they are accused of presence. Their mere existence in Latin America is framed as a threat. This is Monroe Doctrine logic stripped of nostalgia and reissued as policy: the hemisphere is to be cleared, organized, and disciplined so the United States can stabilize its own declining position in the world by tightening control close to home.

The oil ultimatum flows directly from this logic. When Trump declares that Venezuela will “turn over” tens of millions of barrels of oil to the United States, he is not describing a deal. He is describing custody. This is the language of a landlord addressing a tenant, or a colonial administrator addressing a territory whose resources are assumed to belong elsewhere. Talk of “managing” the proceeds for the benefit of Venezuelans is the familiar moral varnish applied to a very old operation: extract first, explain later. Formal sovereignty can remain on paper, flags can still fly, officials can still give speeches—as long as the circulation of oil is commanded from outside.

This is what hyper-imperialism looks like in the current phase. It does not need occupation. It does not need legitimacy. It relies on blockade, seizure, financial strangulation, legal theater, and the selective use of spectacular violence to enforce obedience. Venezuela is not being punished because it failed. It is being punished because it refused to align—because it insisted on multipolar relations in a system that now demands exclusivity. The message is simple and brutally clear: sovereignty is conditional, resources are negotiable only in one direction, and resistance will be met not with debate but with force.

Fortress America, then, is not isolationism. It is imperial contraction paired with intensified domination. The map gets smaller, the fist gets tighter. Venezuela is where the empire stops pretending to persuade and starts issuing orders. The American Pole is not a shield; it is a cage being welded shut, one oil shipment, one seizure, one threat at a time.

How the Storm Broke: From Drug-War Alibi to Open Siege
In the first days of January 2026, the United States crossed a threshold that had long been approached but rarely breached so openly in the Western Hemisphere: it sent Special Forces into the capital of another republic and removed a sitting president by force. Over 150 aircraft and elite units struck Caracas before dawn, overwhelming Venezuelan defenses and extracting Nicolás Maduro and his partner, Cilia Flores, to an American warship and then to New York for federal prosecution. This was not an arrest in any meaningful legal sense; it was the physical seizure of a head of state from his own territory. The operation was dressed in the language of law enforcement and “narco-terrorism,” but its meaning was unmistakable. Sovereignty was not challenged. It was ignored.

For much of the world, the character of the act was immediately clear. Caracas, Havana, Moscow, Beijing, and capitals across the Global South denounced the raid as a colonial-style intervention without mandate or legal foundation. Even within Europe, alarm was expressed at the sheer brazenness of the operation. Legal scholars and institutions such as Chatham House noted that no plausible reading of the UN Charter or international law could justify the abduction of a sitting president under unilateral criminal charges. Yet in Washington, the debate never centered on legality in the international sense. It centered on authorization, procedure, and jurisdiction under U.S. law. This inversion is revealing: under hyper-imperialism, law no longer constrains power externally. It functions internally, as a retrospective filing system for acts already committed.

The kidnapping of Maduro did not emerge from a vacuum. It was the culmination of a coercive sequence that began months earlier under a different name: the war on drugs. Beginning in September 2025, the Trump administration deployed naval and air assets into the Caribbean under the pretext of counter-narcotics operations, publicly framing Venezuela as a “narco-terrorist regime” and Maduro as the alleged head of a cartel known as the “Cartel of the Suns.” Under this banner, U.S. forces launched missile strikes against dozens of small boats in international waters, killing more than one hundred people. These strikes were presented as precision interdictions of drug traffickers, yet no credible public evidence was produced to substantiate the claims. In multiple cases, the vessels appeared indistinguishable from fishing boats, including at least one that was not even Venezuelan but Colombian. What mattered was not proof, but precedent: lethal force normalized under a familiar moral alibi.

International human-rights bodies quickly raised alarms. United Nations experts warned that the strikes bore the hallmarks of extrajudicial executions and violated fundamental principles governing the use of force at sea. Rather than retreat, the administration doubled down rhetorically, folding these killings into a broader narrative of hemispheric defense. The drug-war frame did its work. It rendered extraordinary violence ordinary, established a standing military presence in the Caribbean, and accustomed both domestic and international audiences to the idea that U.S. missiles could be fired in the region without congressional declaration or multilateral authorization. This was the rehearsal phase of hyper-imperial enforcement.

When Trump later spoke of blockades and hinted at ground operations, this was not a sudden escalation but a shift in emphasis. Public threats were amplified for domestic audiences and adversaries alike, while private reassurances were issued to allies, investors, and energy firms. There would be no costly invasion, no occupation of Caracas, no disruption that markets could not absorb. This was not contradiction; it was discipline. Hyper-imperial power learned to separate audiences, terrorizing selectively while stabilizing accumulation. The capacity to do anything was broadcast loudly, while the intention to do only what was profitable was communicated quietly.

It was in this context that the armada fully cohered. Throughout late 2025 and into 2026, U.S. Navy and Coast Guard forces consolidated their presence around Venezuela, transforming what had begun as a counter-narcotics deployment into a standing maritime siege. Tankers were intercepted and seized, insurance and port access were denied, and what the Pentagon described as sanctions enforcement functioned in practice as a naval blockade. Caracas denounced these actions as piracy, and concerns were raised internationally about the legality of a quarantine imposed without Security Council authorization. Yet the architecture held. The Caribbean was quietly converted into a managed military space.

Venezuela did not submit passively. Naval escorts were deployed to accompany tankers, and diplomatic protests multiplied. But the escalation ladder had already been climbed. Drug-war strikes normalized force. Naval presence normalized siege. Siege normalized abduction. When the federal indictment against Maduro was finally unsealed, it told its own story: many of the most sensational claims portraying him as the operational head of a coherent drug cartel were softened or abandoned altogether. The fiction had served its purpose. It had justified the buildup, the killings, and ultimately the kidnapping. Once power was asserted directly, the narrative scaffolding could be quietly adjusted.

Taken together, these moments reveal the immediate conjuncture of Trump 2.0’s hyper-imperial project. This is not regime change as it once appeared, with proxies and parallel presidents. It is regime subordination enforced through calibrated violence, legal warfare, and permanent military pressure. The drug war provided the alibi, the blockade supplied the mechanism, and the abduction delivered the message. Sovereignty, in this order, is not abolished outright. It is rendered conditional, revocable, and enforceable by force whenever it obstructs hemispheric consolidation.

The Monroe Doctrine Stripped of Euphemism
What is unfolding is not improvisation, nor simply the personality of Trump amplified by power. It is doctrine—old doctrine refurbished for an age of decline. Analysts have begun to describe Trump’s posture as a new “Trump Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine, and the phrase is accurate precisely because it removes the polite ambiguity that once surrounded U.S. hemispheric dominance. Where the original Monroe Doctrine claimed to “protect” the Americas from European empires, Trump’s version dispenses with protection and speaks openly in the language of exclusion. The Western Hemisphere is not merely an area of influence; it is a controlled space. Presence by rival powers is itself treated as provocation, regardless of whether that presence comes through investment, trade, or diplomacy.

This corollary is not rhetorical flourish—it is operationalized policy. The 2025 National Security Strategy makes this explicit by identifying the hemisphere as a primary zone of enforcement and naming China and Russia as “extra-hemispheric competitors” whose influence must be denied across energy systems, ports, logistics corridors, telecommunications, and finance. The document does not argue that these powers are militarily invading Latin America; it argues that they are present at all. That presence alone is framed as an intolerable erosion of U.S. primacy, requiring pressure campaigns, sanctions, and—when necessary—direct force.

In this framework, Venezuela’s offense is not mismanagement, corruption, or authoritarianism—the usual moral accusations recycled for press releases. Its real crime is alignment. Caracas refused to accept a unipolar order after it had already begun to fracture. It deepened energy cooperation with China, military and financial ties with Russia, and strategic coordination with Iran and Cuba. From the standpoint of hyper-imperial doctrine, this is not independence; it is insubordination. Multipolar relationships inside the hemisphere are treated not as sovereign choices but as violations of an unwritten property line that Washington claims to own.

What makes the Trump Corollary distinct from earlier versions of hemispheric control is its impatience with mediation. Previous administrations wrapped enforcement in development banks, civil society programs, and the soft language of “partnership.” Trump 2.0 dispenses with that choreography. Influence is no longer to be competed for; it is to be denied outright. Ports must not merely be friendly—they must be uncontested. Energy must not merely be traded—it must be routed through channels Washington can monitor, interrupt, and command. Sovereignty, under this doctrine, survives only insofar as it does not interfere with logistical control.

Venezuela therefore becomes a doctrinal test case. If a state with the world’s largest proven oil reserves can be forced back into hemispheric obedience—through sanctions, naval encirclement, legal warfare, and the spectacular seizure of its leadership—then the corollary is proven. If it cannot, the doctrine itself is exposed as fragile. This is why the pressure is relentless and why compromise is absent. Hyper-imperialism does not seek stable coexistence with rivals inside its claimed zone; it seeks clearance. The hemisphere must be made legible, governable, and exclusive, even as the global order outside it slips further from U.S. control.

In this sense, the Trump Corollary is not a return to the Monroe Doctrine—it is its terminal form. It emerges at a moment when the empire can no longer plausibly dominate the world, and so tightens its grip where it believes history grants it entitlement. The Western Hemisphere is to become the empire’s last uncontested room, locked from the inside. Venezuela is the door on which that lock is now being tested.

Oil Is Not the Prize — Control of Its Movement Is
Oil sits at the center of this confrontation not because Washington suddenly discovered Venezuela’s reserves, but because oil remains the most efficient lever for enforcing submission without occupation. The obsession is not with drilling rigs or nationalization statutes; it is with circulation. Who authorizes shipments, who insures them, who clears ports, who processes payments, who decides which tankers sail and which are seized. Trump’s declaration that Venezuela will “turn over” tens of millions of barrels to the United States is therefore not the language of a commercial agreement. It is the language of custody. Empire speaks here as a manager, not a buyer, announcing its right to redirect flows it believes it already owns.

The accompanying rhetoric about “holding proceeds in trust” or “managing revenues for the benefit of the Venezuelan people” belongs to a long imperial tradition. This is the same vocabulary used to justify colonial trusteeships, IMF conditionality, and sanctions regimes dressed up as concern. Formal sovereignty is allowed to survive as a shell—flags, ministries, televised speeches—so long as the material heart of the economy is externally supervised. The oil stays Venezuelan in name, but its movement is decided elsewhere. This is why officials speak less about ownership and more about oversight: command over circulation achieves the same result with fewer political costs.

What makes oil uniquely useful to hyper-imperial strategy is its dependence on global infrastructure. Crude must move through chokepoints governed by insurers, shipping registries, ports, refineries, and dollar-clearing systems—all arenas where U.S. power remains decisive. A well-placed sanction, a denied insurance policy, a seized tanker can do what an invading army once did, only cheaper and with less international blowback. The goal is not to shut Venezuelan oil down completely but to place it on a leash: allowed to flow when compliant, strangled when defiant. In this way, economic life itself becomes conditional.

Trump’s oil ultimatum therefore signals a shift from punishment to administration. Earlier sanctions regimes aimed to collapse the Venezuelan state or provoke internal rupture. Empire draws a colder lesson from that failure. Collapse is unpredictable. Administration is stable. By inserting itself into the circulation of oil—deciding volumes, destinations, and revenues—the empire converts Venezuela from an adversary into a managed resource node. Resistance does not end extraction; it merely changes the terms under which extraction is permitted.

This is why the spectacle of oil seizures matters more than the barrels themselves. Each interdicted tanker announces jurisdiction without consent. Each enforced rerouting demonstrates that sovereignty over resources is no longer territorial but logistical. Venezuela’s oil is not being taken because it is scarce; it is being disciplined because control over its movement reinforces a broader lesson to the hemisphere: development, trade, and even survival are contingent on alignment with U.S. priorities.

In the logic of hyper-imperialism, oil is not simply fuel—it is governance. It is the mechanism through which obedience is measured and enforced. Venezuela’s reserves make it vulnerable not because they are valuable, but because they are indispensable to a global system still wired through American power. The ultimatum, then, is not really about barrels. It is about who commands the valves of the world economy—and who is allowed to turn them.

Siege as System: How Empire Learned to Rule Without Landing Troops
The absence of U.S. ground troops in Caracas is not evidence of restraint. It is evidence of learning. The Trump 2.0 regime has absorbed the lessons of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya and drawn a cold conclusion: occupation is expensive, politically corrosive, and strategically inefficient. Blockade, by contrast, is modular, scalable, and indefinitely sustainable. It disciplines without responsibility. It punishes without rebuilding. It destroys capacity while preserving the fiction of non-intervention. What we are witnessing around Venezuela is not hesitation but maturity—a form of power that prefers siege to conquest because siege keeps the costs externalized.

The modern blockade no longer announces itself with declarations of war. It arrives through administrative decisions: insurance canceled, ports closed, tankers flagged, transactions frozen, crews detained, cargoes seized in international waters. Each act appears technical, almost bureaucratic, but together they form a distributed siege system that tightens incrementally. No single move triggers a global crisis. No single action looks like invasion. Yet the cumulative effect is strangulation—economic life compressed until it can only breathe through channels approved by empire.

This method offers strategic flexibility. Pressure can be intensified or relaxed without changing the basic posture. Partial compliance can be rewarded with temporary licenses or limited access to markets. Defiance can be punished episodically, through selective seizures or legal escalation, without committing to total shutdown. The blockade becomes a dial rather than a switch. Empire no longer needs to break a state; it only needs to keep it permanently off balance, always negotiating from a position of vulnerability.

Crucially, blockade shifts the terrain of struggle away from spectacle and toward endurance. There are no televised landings, no images of flag-draped coffins returning home. The violence is slower, quieter, and easier to deny. Shortages are blamed on mismanagement. Economic pain is reframed as domestic failure. Meanwhile, the external hand remains officially invisible, operating through “enforcement,” “compliance,” and “regulatory action.” Hyper-imperialism does not seek dramatic victories; it seeks stable asymmetry.

This is why naval encirclement matters more than invasion plans. Warships stationed indefinitely are not there to storm beaches; they are there to normalize pressure. Their presence converts the Caribbean into a managed space where U.S. discretion replaces international law. Tanker seizures become precedents. Interdictions become routine. What begins as an exceptional response to sanctions violations hardens into a standing architecture of control. Over time, the extraordinary becomes ordinary, and the siege becomes background noise.

Blockade without occupation also fragments responsibility. Humanitarian consequences can be disowned, blamed on domestic authorities, or outsourced to international agencies. Meanwhile, the empire retains maximum leverage with minimal accountability. This is domination without administration, power without obligation. It allows Washington to insist it has not “intervened” even as it dictates the material conditions under which a society functions.

Venezuela, then, is not surrounded because the United States lacks the capacity to invade. It is surrounded because hyper-imperialism has decided that invasion is unnecessary. The siege does the work more efficiently. It enforces hierarchy, disciplines deviation, and signals to the rest of the hemisphere that defiance will not be met with negotiation, but with a permanent tightening of the noose—adjusted patiently, deliberately, and without end.

‘No One Surrendered Here:’ Venezuela’s Acting President Leads National Tribute to Martyrs of US Military Aggression

Why Venezuela Can Be Squeezed Without Breaking
Venezuela is not targeted because it is weak in some abstract moral sense. It is targeted because its vulnerabilities were historically manufactured in ways imperial planners know how to exploit. An economy organized around oil rents, externalized finance, and dollar-denominated obligations is not simply dependent; it is legible to power. Its pressure points are mapped in advance. Hyper-imperialism does not guess where to apply force—it follows the wiring laid down over decades of uneven development and enforced insertion into a dollar-centered world system.

Oil-rent dependency concentrated national income into a single artery that could be constricted from the outside. Externalized finance ensured that payments, settlements, and reserves passed through jurisdictions Washington could reach. Dollar obligations transformed monetary policy into a hostage relationship. None of these conditions were accidental, and none were unique to Venezuela. They were the normal price of participation in a global order designed elsewhere. What distinguishes Venezuela is that it attempted to redirect this inherited structure toward national development and social redistribution without first dismantling its external dependencies. That contradiction became exploitable.

Sanctions did not collapse the Venezuelan state in the way many in Washington predicted. Instead, they produced a harsher lesson. Despite suffocating restrictions, Venezuela continued to service portions of its debt, liquidated gold reserves under coercive conditions, rerouted oil exports through complex barter and intermediary arrangements, and kept PDVSA operating under extreme constraint. These were not signs of recovery, but they were signs of endurance. To imperial strategists, endurance without capitulation is not a success; it is proof that pressure can be intensified without triggering total breakdown.

Each act of survival taught the empire something. Debt payments demonstrated that financial extraction could continue under siege. Gold sales showed that reserves could be forced out through indirect channels. PDVSA’s continued operations revealed that production could be coerced without regime replacement. The lesson drawn was not that sanctions had failed, but that they had prepared the ground for escalation. Hyper-imperialism moves sequentially: financial siege gives way to asset seizure; asset seizure evolves into maritime control; maritime control culminates in the seizure of leadership itself.

Venezuela’s targetability, then, lies in the gap between collapse and compliance. The state proved resilient enough to survive but constrained enough to be managed. That is the ideal condition for hyper-imperial domination. Total collapse produces instability that spills outward. Full compliance offers diminishing returns. Managed pressure, by contrast, yields predictable leverage. Venezuela can be squeezed, adjusted, and recalibrated without shattering the regional order or triggering uncontrollable consequences.

This is why the escalation does not appear as a sudden break but as a ratchet. Each new measure builds on the last, justified by the endurance of the target itself. Survival becomes the pretext for further punishment. The ability to function under pressure is reinterpreted as evidence that more pressure is feasible. Hyper-imperialism does not punish failure; it punishes persistence.

In this sense, Venezuela is not exceptional—it is exemplary. It reveals how a state can be rendered permanently targetable by the very structures that once promised development. Oil rents, dollar finance, and global integration become not shields but handles, allowing external power to lift, tilt, and restrain a society without ever occupying it. What appears as vulnerability is, in fact, design. And hyper-imperialism knows exactly how to use it.

When Regime Change Fails, Empire Learns to Manage
The failure of the Guaidó experiment was not a moral embarrassment for Washington; it was a technical lesson. Formal regime change—parading a compliant figurehead, staging international recognition rituals, and waiting for the state to collapse from the inside—proved too brittle for the moment. It depended on mass defections that never came and on a fantasy that legitimacy could be manufactured by press release. Trump 2.0 absorbs that failure and discards its assumptions. The objective is no longer to replace the Venezuelan state, but to subordinate it functionally—to make who governs less important than how governance is constrained.

In this revised approach, sovereignty is not abolished; it is conditionalized. Officials may remain in office, ministries may continue to operate, elections may even be tolerated, but only within a narrow corridor defined by imperial priorities. The test is no longer ideological alignment or democratic theater; it is compliance with logistical control. Oil must flow where and how Washington dictates. Financial channels must remain legible and interruptible. Strategic partnerships with China, Russia, Iran, or Cuba must be frozen or severed. Governance is permitted only so long as it does not obstruct these imperatives.

This is why figures like Delcy Rodríguez are not immediately removed but reclassified. They are no longer treated as representatives of a sovereign political project, but as administrators of a pressured system. Their legitimacy is not recognized; it is tolerated. They function in a space closer to colonial intermediaries than national leaders—tasked with managing domestic stability under external constraint, absorbing popular anger, and translating imperial demands into local policy. The state remains Venezuelan in form, but its strategic decisions are made elsewhere.

Managed subordination solves problems that regime change could not. It avoids the chaos of state collapse while still delivering control over resources. It reduces the risk of nationalist backlash that overt occupation would provoke. It allows empire to claim it has respected sovereignty while hollowing sovereignty out from the inside. Most importantly, it creates a scalable model: what works in Venezuela can be replicated elsewhere, adjusted to local conditions, without the political costs of overthrowing governments one by one.

Under this model, resistance is reframed as mismanagement, and compliance is rewarded with temporary relief. Sanctions can be loosened selectively, licenses granted conditionally, enforcement paused and resumed at will. The economy becomes a behavioral mechanism. The population is not simply punished; it is disciplined, made to associate material survival with external approval. Politics is reduced to damage control under siege, while strategic direction is quietly removed from the national arena altogether.

This is neocolonial governance without annexation—rule exercised through choke points rather than governors. The flag remains, the anthem plays, the institutions persist, but the center of gravity shifts outward. Venezuela is no longer confronted as an enemy to be overthrown, but as a system to be managed, calibrated, and kept within bounds. In this transition from regime change to managed subordination, hyper-imperialism reveals its preferred form of domination: not dramatic conquest, but permanent constraint.

Governing by Fear, Reassurance, and Spectacle
Hyper-imperialism does not rely on force alone; it relies on managing how force is perceived. Trump’s public threats—talk of blockades, second strikes, and decisive action—are not policy blueprints so much as instruments of psychological warfare. They are designed to keep Venezuela in a constant state of anticipatory crisis, where every decision must be made under the shadow of escalation. Preparation itself becomes a form of punishment. Resources are diverted toward defense, contingency planning, and damage control, while economic life remains suspended in uncertainty.

At the same time, a second conversation runs quietly in parallel. Behind closed doors, U.S. officials reassure markets, energy firms, and allied governments that escalation will remain controlled. There will be no chaotic invasion, no disruption of shipping lanes beyond what is necessary, no shock to global oil prices that cannot be managed. This dual messaging is not contradictory; it is calibrated. Fear is broadcast downward and outward, while stability is whispered upward to those whose confidence must be maintained. Empire learns to terrify selectively.

The effect is asymmetrical clarity. Venezuelan officials must plan for the worst, never knowing which threat will be activated or when. Investors, by contrast, are encouraged to assume continuity. Allies are signaled dominance without liability. Hyper-imperialism thus separates audiences and tailors its message to each, ensuring that coercion does not spill into panic where panic would be costly. The spectacle of aggression is carefully staged, while its limits are quietly enforced elsewhere.

This theater extends beyond rhetoric to action. Highly visible operations—tanker seizures, naval deployments, leader abductions—serve as proof that threats are not empty. Yet each spectacle is bounded. Force is applied sharply and then paused, leaving space for interpretation, rumor, and negotiation under duress. The uncertainty itself becomes a weapon. When the next move is unpredictable, compliance appears safer than resistance.

Psychological warfare also reframes responsibility. Economic hardship is presented as the consequence of domestic failure or stubborn leadership rather than external siege. The population is encouraged to direct anger inward, while the external source of pressure remains abstract, distant, and bureaucratic. Meanwhile, U.S. officials perform concern for humanitarian conditions even as they tighten the mechanisms producing them. The contradiction is not hidden; it is normalized.

In this way, hyper-imperialism governs not only territory and resources but expectations. It trains societies to live within limits imposed from outside, to anticipate punishment, and to interpret relief as generosity rather than concession. Venezuela’s experience becomes a lesson in managed fear: a warning to others, a stress test for empire, and a reminder that domination today is as much about psychology as it is about power.

When Law Survives Only as an Internal Memo
The abduction of a sitting head of state from his own capital marks a qualitative break, not merely an escalation. It is the point at which international law ceases to function even as a rhetorical constraint and is reduced to an internal administrative concern of empire. The UN Charter, the prohibition on the use of force, diplomatic immunity, the principle of sovereign equality—these are not debated, reinterpreted, or even openly rejected. They are simply bypassed. The question asked in Washington is not whether the act was legal under international law, but whether it was properly authorized under U.S. law. Jurisdiction collapses inward.

This inversion is crucial. Law is no longer a framework that limits power between states; it becomes a procedural technology used inside the imperial core to manage escalation, allocate responsibility, and protect officials from domestic backlash. War Powers debates, congressional notifications, and internal reviews do not challenge the underlying crime. They regulate its execution. The seizure of Maduro is treated not as an act of aggression but as a question of compliance with U.S. statutes—an internal audit after a burglary that never questions the right to steal.

Outside the imperial center, legality dissolves into irrelevance. No UN mandate is sought. No international court is recognized as competent to judge the act. When Russia, Venezuela, and others denounce tanker seizures as piracy and violations of maritime law, their objections are noted only insofar as they affect escalation risk. Law becomes background noise—useful when it legitimizes coercion, disposable when it obstructs it. Hyper-imperialism does not abolish law; it nationalizes it.

This is why the language of “law enforcement” is so central to the operation. By framing military raids, naval blockades, and extraterritorial seizures as policing actions, the empire collapses the distinction between domestic jurisdiction and international anarchy. The world is treated as an extension of U.S. legal space, where force is justified by indictment rather than declaration of war. Criminal charges replace casus belli. Courts replace treaties. What cannot be governed through consent is governed through subpoenas backed by missiles.

The implications extend far beyond Venezuela. If a head of state can be seized under unilateral criminal charges, then no sovereignty is secure. Any leader who obstructs U.S. interests becomes a potential defendant. Any country that refuses alignment becomes a crime scene. International law, once already weakened, is reduced to a ceremonial artifact—invoked selectively, ignored routinely, and enforced only against the powerless.

Hyper-imperialism thus marks the open phase of legal nihilism. The rules remain written, the institutions still stand, the language of law continues to circulate—but its binding force is gone. Law survives only as procedure inside empire, never as a limit upon it. Venezuela is not simply a victim of this collapse; it is the site where the collapse is made visible. The mask does not slip. It is deliberately removed.

Venezuela as Warning Shot, Not Exception
What is being done to Venezuela is not meant to stay in Venezuela. It is meant to travel. Hyper-imperial power always seeks an audience, and this operation is designed less as a solution to a Venezuelan problem than as a lesson broadcast outward. The message is not subtle: sovereignty that obstructs U.S. priorities will be treated as defiance, not difference. The seizure of leadership, the naval encirclement, the oil ultimatum—all of it functions as a demonstration effect, a live-fire exercise meant to recalibrate behavior across an entire region.

Trump has been explicit about this logic. The same vocabulary used against Caracas—criminality, security threats, economic coercion—has already been applied rhetorically to Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, and even territories well outside the hemisphere such as Greenland. The common thread is not ideology or regime type; it is location within strategic space. What matters is proximity to U.S. logistics, migration routes, resource corridors, and military infrastructure. Venezuela is simply the first place where the new posture is enforced without euphemism.

In this sense, Fortress America is not a retreat from global ambition but a reorganization of it. As the costs of sustaining worldwide dominance rise, the empire contracts geographically while intensifying control where it believes dominance must be absolute. The hemisphere becomes a monopolized zone: resources secured, trade routed, rivals excluded, labor disciplined, and migration contained. Venezuela’s role is to show that this enclosure is not theoretical. It can be imposed, and it will be imposed.

The demonstration works through asymmetry. Smaller states are shown the consequences of alignment with China, Russia, or any multipolar project that bypasses U.S. oversight. Larger states are reminded that even size does not guarantee immunity if strategic red lines are crossed. The goal is not uniform obedience but anticipatory compliance—states adjusting policy in advance to avoid becoming the next example.

This is why the violence is selective but visible. Empire does not need to punish everyone; it needs to punish one clearly enough that the rest internalize the lesson. Venezuela is being positioned as that lesson. Its treatment establishes a baseline expectation for how hyper-imperial authority will be exercised in this phase: openly, coercively, and without apology.

The demonstration effect therefore marks a shift from persuasion to pedagogy by force. Empire no longer tries to convince others that its leadership is beneficial. It teaches them what resistance costs. Venezuela is not the exception that proves the rule. It is the prototype through which the rule is being rewritten.

The Narrow Corridor Left to a Besieged State
Once hyper-imperialism moves into its open phase, the range of outcomes narrows sharply. For Venezuela, the future is no longer framed as a spectrum of policy choices but as a forced bifurcation imposed from outside. Empire does not offer genuine alternatives; it presents managed pathways whose consequences are predetermined. What remains undecided is not whether pressure will continue, but how it will be metabolized—through submission or through prolonged exposure.

The first path is subordinate incorporation. Under this scenario, Venezuela accepts the terms implicit in the oil ultimatum and the siege architecture that surrounds it. Exports resume, but under supervision. Volumes, destinations, insurance, and payment channels are monitored externally. Naval presence becomes permanent background infrastructure. Strategic partnerships with China, Russia, Iran, and Cuba are quietly unwound, not through declarations but through administrative suffocation. The state continues to function, salaries are paid, shortages ease selectively—but sovereignty is reduced to a managerial role. Venezuela survives, but as a resource node integrated into the American Pole rather than as an independent political actor.

This outcome is not presented as capitulation; it is marketed as stabilization. Relief is framed as generosity. Compliance is reframed as pragmatism. The violence that produced the arrangement fades into the background, replaced by technocratic language about recovery and normalization. Yet the structure remains intact: obedience enforced through reversible permissions. What is granted can be withdrawn. What flows can be halted. Stability itself becomes conditional.

The second path is resistance under exposure. Continued multipolar alignment keeps Venezuela inside the pressure field—sanctions tightened or loosened episodically, enforcement escalated selectively, propaganda intensified internationally. Economic strain persists. Political risk accumulates. Yet this path also produces a different kind of effect. By refusing incorporation, Venezuela exposes the architecture of hyper-imperial rule in real time. Each seizure, each threat, each legal contortion strips away the remaining myth that U.S. power operates through partnership or shared norms.

Resistance does not guarantee victory, but it accelerates clarity. It reveals that the issue is not democracy, governance, or corruption, but control. It forces other states to confront the reality that alignment with empire does not protect sovereignty—it suspends it temporarily. In this sense, prolonged resistance carries systemic implications beyond Venezuela itself. It sharpens contradictions that polite diplomacy once blurred and pushes the global conversation away from illusion toward structure.

These are not symmetrical options. One offers relative material relief at the price of political subordination. The other preserves strategic autonomy at the cost of sustained pressure. Hyper-imperialism ensures that neither path is easy, and that both are designed to discipline not just Venezuela but the wider world watching closely. The choice imposed is cruel by design, and it is meant to be instructive.

Empire Without Alibis
Trump 2.0 does not represent the birth of a new empire. It represents the moment an old one stops pretending. The tools on display—abduction, blockade, seizure, extraterritorial enforcement—were always present, but they were once hidden behind layers of euphemism and ritual. What distinguishes this phase is not cruelty, but candor. Hyper-imperialism no longer invests in the fiction that domination is accidental or benevolent. It asserts itself openly, confident that no countervailing force can meaningfully restrain it inside its chosen zone.

In this open phase, power abandons persuasion as inefficient. Consent is replaced by compliance. International law is reduced to internal procedure. Diplomacy becomes a transmission belt for ultimatums rather than negotiation. Permanent siege replaces episodic war. The empire no longer seeks to manage the world; it seeks to lock down a region where its logistical, financial, and military superiority can still be enforced without catastrophic overreach.

Venezuela is where this transition becomes visible. Not because it is uniquely defiant, but because it sits at the intersection of oil, multipolar alignment, and hemispheric doctrine. What is happening there is not an anomaly to be explained away; it is a pattern being consolidated. The American Pole emerges not as a defensive arrangement, but as a structure of exclusion—designed to secure resources, discipline labor and migration, and deny rivals any foothold close to U.S. shores.

Hyper-imperialism, in this sense, is a response to decline, not confidence. As global dominance becomes harder to sustain, control becomes more territorial, more coercive, more explicit. The map shrinks, but the pressure intensifies. The empire fortifies what it believes it cannot afford to lose and is willing to openly violate its own proclaimed principles to do so.

The lesson Venezuela offers the world is therefore stark. This is what empire looks like when it no longer believes in its own myths. It does not ask. It declares. It does not persuade. It enforces. And it no longer hides behind the language of partnership or rules. The American Pole is not a shield against chaos; it is a cage built in anticipation of it.

Whether this open phase stabilizes U.S. power or accelerates its unraveling remains an open question. What is no longer in doubt is the nature of the system now asserting itself. Hyper-imperialism has stepped into the light, and Venezuela is the place where the mask was finally set aside.

(Weaponized Information)


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Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel has firmly rejected US President Donald Trump's threat against his country, stressing that Havana is prepared to defend itself “to the last drop of blood.”


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On January 3rd, the United States invaded and bombed Venezuela and abducted President Maduro and First Lady Flores. This violent act of imperialist aggression by the Trump regime is a continuation of over two decades of hybrid warfare aimed at suppressing the Bolivarian Revolution. Over the past months, the US has been escalating aggression against Venezuela, but this abduction is the culmination of over two decades of imperialist war. In fact, it was predicted 20 years ago this year by Hugo Chávez, the first president of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, at an address to the UN General Assembly.

In 2006, in what became one of his most iconic speeches, Hugo Chávez said:

“The government of the United States doesn’t want peace. It wants to exploit its system of exploitation, of pillage, of hegemony through war. It wants peace. But what’s happening in Iraq? What happened in Lebanon? In Palestine? What’s happening? What’s happened over the last 100 years in Latin America and in the world? And now threatening Venezuela — new threats against Venezuela, against Iran?”

Chávez could have made this exact speech today, last year, or really any time in the past two decades. His words are so apt for today because US foreign policy has not changed. It is the same violent maintenance and exertion of its hegemony and deadly system of exploitation and hegemony, no matter if orchestrated in blue or red. This is what we have been seeing with Israel’s genocide in Gaza, attacks on Lebanon and Yemen, regime change in Syria, threats and attacks on Iran, suffocation of Cuba, provocations and war preparation against China, proxy war in Ukraine, and continued regime change attempts against Venezuela. Chávez’s words will remain timeless as long as US imperialism remains intact and the smell of sulfur remains.

Since 1998, with the election of the revolutionary leader Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution, the United States has been hellbent on overthrowing the government of Venezuela. Before Chávez, American companies ran wild in Venezuela, extracting and exploiting natural resources and labor. In the 1980s, Venezuela adopted US-backed neoliberal reforms, which emphasized an open oil market, deregulation, and privatization, which accumulated huge profits for US companies at the expense of the Venezuelan people. This is the Venezuela that the United States wants; in fact, this is the US’s modus operandi across Latin America.

Today, the media class is doubling down on its line of Venezuela’s fall from grace as the richest country in Latin America. This regime change propaganda has been plastered across media platforms, like CBS’s 60 Minutes, to manufacture consent for US regime change operations, impending invasion, and for continued US war crimes against small boats in the Caribbean.

Coincidentally erased from these media narratives are the impacts of suffocation with US-led sanctions, which have slashed Venezuela’s oil revenues by 213% between January 2017 and December 2024. This amounts to $77 million in losses every single day. These unilateral coercive measures are a form of warfare aimed at impoverishing the Venezuelan people, blaming the Bolivarian Revolution for hardships, and triggering regime change from utter suffering.

It is shameful, though unsurprising given these are the same media outlets justifying US-Israeli genocide, to peddle this lie, which purposefully erases the true history of neoliberal Venezuela. In this era, romanticized by these imperialist mouthpieces as a haven to which they want Venezuela to return, just 20% of the Venezuelan population was benefiting from oil wealth, while the other 80% suffered from poverty. Also erased from these narratives are the horrors of IMF austerity, which overnight locked out millions of people from basic necessities and essential services, leading to Caracazo, an uprising of hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans opposing these neoliberal reforms. It is convenient for 60 Minutes and others to erase the deaths of over 3,000 people from the military crush of these protests, just as it is to remove all traces of the neoliberal crisis that the US enforced on the country. But despite attempts, they cannot redact how the horrific neoliberalism of the 1980s and 1990s brought about the popular uprising led by Commandante Hugo Chávez, which eventually led to his successful election as president in 1998.

While Chávez’s victory did not immediately alert Washington, and the Clinton administration adopted a “wait and see” policy, in the years following, alarms certainly began to ring. Chávez’s openly anti-imperialist politik, including selling oil to Cuba and supporting anti-imperialist resistance and governments, and the imposition of Venezuela’s sovereignty, quickly made US politicians, oil tycoons, and those with stakes in the US empire tremble.

Sabotage Made in the White House (2001-4)

With the arrival of Bush in the White House in 2001, US policy towards Venezuela became more overtly aggressive, with Chávez as the target fresh from re-election victory. This shift was deepened in response to Chávez’s opposition to Bush’s so-called “war on terror” and refusal to join the “coalition of the willing, as well as Venezuela’s escalating assertion of its oil sovereignty. As the US escalated attacks across Afghanistan and Iraq, Chávez criticized and called out the terror and violence the US imposed across the world and domestically. Chávez’s bold opposition to US terror was a substantial threat to the imperialist coalition that sought to impose its violent will on the peoples of West Asia. In response, the US accelerated its hybrid warfare from a campaign of pressure and isolation to regime change.

This came to a head in 2002, when the US backed and coordinated right-wing elites to kidnap Chávez in an attempted coup where they tried to dissolve the constitution of the Bolivarian Republic. In quick succession, the US recognized the short-lived 47-hour coup , which embarrassingly failed as popular forces rallied in tandem with the military to brush off the coup. Rather than demoralize the Venezuelan people, this coup galvanized the socialist project with oil revenues now reinvested in education, healthcare, and housing rather than the pockets of US tycoons. The government built 3,000 new schools and, by 2005, eradicated illiteracywith the support of Cuba; set up 6,000 community health clinics as 15,000 Cuban doctors provided healthcare for millions of Venezuelans; and by 2009, infant mortality was cut by 40%, and the free healthcare system was caring for millions of Venezuelans.

In the face of overwhelming support for the revolution, the US changed course and used economic and technological warfare to try to strangle the revenue the government was relying on to fund its sweeping reforms. 8 months after the failed coup, the US-backed opposition groups sabotaged the nationalized oil company, PDVSA, through INTESA (majority owned by US weapons company SAIC) , a company working in PDVSA. At the same time, US-funded opposition groups provoked a “strike” at PDVSA. The strike and lockout cost the country $20 billion, which could have been used to fund the healthcare system, to build a million homes, or continue to better the lives of Venezuelan people. In 2004, US-trained thugs violently attacked and killed people in Caracas in another attempt to oust Chávez. This was quickly followed by a NED- and USAID-funded campaign, led by US puppet Maria Corina Machado, for a referendum to recall President Chávez. This was yet another attempt to impose regime change that was crushed repeatedly by the streets.

Despite relentless attempts to overthrow Chávez, the revolutionary government pushed ahead with anti-imperialist worldbuilding in forming the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America, or ALBA, as an anti-hegemonic alternative to the US ‘Free Trade Area of the Americas’ (FTAA) which prioritized social programme and solidarity over neoliberal, extractive “trade”; leadership of OPEC to facilitate development and constitute the progressive bloc across Latin America; and challenged US imperialist violence, with powerful statements like:

‘From Latin America, from Venezuela, we send out our heart to our brothers the Iraqi people, and the Arab peoples … who are fighting the battle against the imperialist aggressor” (Hugo Chávez, April 2004)

Second Offensive (2005-08)

As Venezuela continued using oil incomes to develop Venezuela in the interests of the people, the US imperialist aggression continued in full force. This pushed the United States into formulating a multi-pronged approach aimed at overthrowing the Bolivarian revolution. In 2005, the Bush administration imposed formal sanctions on Venezuela and funnelled millions of dollars into opposition figures to cause chaos and suffering. This approach has been tried and tested by the US empire across the world, most notably in Cuba, where a decades-long total blockade has sought to produce immense suffering amongst the Cuban people, that they support the overthrow of their own government via US-backed figures.

Between 2005 and 2012, the US used the National Endowment for Democracy to funnel $30 million into opposition parties, non-governmental organizations, and other opposition groups in Venezuela. This spiked ahead of the December 2006 presidential election with the aim of propelling figures to undermine the democratic process and provide domestic calls for US invasion. One of the key figures to emerge from this money was Maria Corina Machado, the 2025 winner of the Nobel “Peace” Prize and vocal supporter of the US imperialist invasion of Venezuela. After the Trump regime killed over 110 Venezuelans and abducted their President, totally undermining the sovereignty of a country, Machado stated the US had fulfilled its promise to enforce the law. Such figures, despite being snubbed by their puppet master, Trump, are paraded to give the sense that imperialist invasion has a domestic face.

In 2005, the US officially labelled Venezuela a “non-cooperative” country and banned the sale of all weapons, parts, and software, including maintenance of F-16 fighter jets and any regional defense cooperation. Under the guise of “terror, the Bush administration effectively imposed an embargo on the country as an attempt to suppress its international solidarity, bold policy, and socialist construction. Over the following years, the Bush administration continued imperialist attacks, including propaganda of “authoritarianism” and human rights abuses, lawfare imperialism via companies like Exxon, as well as escalating targeted sanctions, including on the financial sector, the first OFAC designations for senior Venezuelan officials, as well as other individuals and businesses at whim.

All the while, Venezuela was providing free heating oil to Americans across 25 states. The CITGO-Venezuela Heating Oil Program began in 2005 and provided over 2 million Americans with free and discounted heating services, including for homeless shelters and Native American communities. While the US was investing millions of dollars into attacking Venezuela and bringing about regime change, the Chávez government was providing aid to the American people.

This material international solidarity provided to exploited Americans was part of a wider and sweeping investment in public services in Venezuela itself. By 2008, Venezuela’s GDP grew by almost 5%, driven by the oil boom, which facilitated the massive investments in public spending. In this period, 25% of oil revenue went directly into the government’s Fonden national fund for direct investment into public projects for food sovereignty, housing, education, healthcare, transportation, cooperatives, sanitation, and socialist construction. Between 1998 and 2008, 17 large hospitals were built, primary-care physicians increased twelve-fold, infant mortality fell by more than a third, death from malnutrition cut by half, higher education enrolment more than doubled, foreign debt fell by more than half, five million people were brought into formal sanitation systems, major new transportation networkers were built, and 6,200 new cooperatives received funding. The Venezuelan people’s material conditions were vastly improved by this ambitious and socialist government, using oil revenue in the interests of the people. This, of course, motivated the United States’ coercive measures.

Coercion and control (2009-13)

The Obama regime’s first moves marked an escalation in direct attacks on revolutionary leaders in government in Venezuela. Between 2010 and 2013, Obama sanctioned 19 Venezuelan officials, froze their assets, and denied them travel, all based on lies over “drugs.” Such a turn marked a move to designate individuals as enemies of the United States and provide propaganda points for further actions. Years before, Chávez predicted this labelling of “narco-trafficking” as justification for invasion and regime change. The same formula was also imposed on Diosdado Cabello and then Maduro. In an interview in 2005, Chávez said:

“Years ago, someone told me: ‘They’re going to end up accusing you of being a drug trafficker—you personally—you, Chávez. Not just that the government supports it, or permits it—no, no, no. They’re going to try to apply the Noriega formula to you.”

In 2013, Hugo Chávez passed away, leaving behind a legacy inspiring Venezuelans and all those across the world who moved to build societies based on peace and justice. The Presidential election of 2013 set out the same playbook the US was to use in all preceding elections. The vote was won by Nicolás Maduro, who contested a NED-funded candidate, Henrique Capriles, who refused to accept his defeat and claimed it was a rigged election. The Obama regime used this opportunity to give grounds for regime change by denouncing the election results and labeling Maduro the illegitimate leader. Thus arose the newest villain in Venezuela, deemed an authoritarian human rights-abusing dictator, or whichever combination of words the US ruling class selected that day.

US-funded groups instigated violent riots across Venezuela, providing the ideal conditions for the “imperialism of peace” waged by the US on the country. The “Venezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act” passed in 2014 provided further basis for widespread sanctions, using so-called “human rights” as the rationale for interference and punitive measures. The most prominent propaganda lines the US used to peddle during this time were over “human rights”, “corruption”, and “drugs”, all to demonize Venezuela and justify all coercive measures, just as the lies of the “terror” threat were the rationalization for the US to kill over 4.5 million people.

Lethal Actions (2015-2019)

On March 9, 2015, the Obama regime labelled Venezuela an “extraordinary threat to US national security, invoking the Emergency Economic Powers Act to do so. This Executive Order froze the assets of seven senior Venezuelan officials and banned them from the US, as well as critically providing the legal scaffolding for all further unilateral coercive measures imposed on Venezuela by subsequent administrations. Obama seamlessly set up the scaffolding that enabled Trump’s more abrasive, lethal attacks on Venezuela.

Between 2015-17, the US Treasury pressured financial institutions to cease operations in Venezuela and to close the accounts of their clients. In quick succession, this economic strangulation had deadly effects: Citibank rejected Venezuela’s payment for 300,000 doses of insulin, UBS Swiss Bank delayed a purchase of vaccines for months, Pfizer, Abbot, and Baster refused to issue certificates for cancer drugs, and a $9 million payment for dialysis supplies was blocked. The US deliberately disrupted the free healthcare the government was providing to Venezuelans.

In 2017, during Trump’s first presidency, the US imposed a more robust financial blockade on Venezuela, seeking to cut Venezuela off from financial markets. The US imposed bans on financial engagement between US and Venezuelan individuals and companies, and issued warnings of penalties for foreign banks if they did so. In an attempt to circumvent these attacks and fund public services, the Maduro government introduced the Petro, a cryptocurrency based on oil reserves. Immediately, the US sanctioned that too as it continued to stack lethal sanctions, blocks, and bans intended to destabilize, attack, and destroy the country’s ability to function on its own.

In 2019, the Trump regime escalated its terrorist maximum pressure campaign on Venezuela.  They imposed a total oil embargo and de facto economic embargo, seized Venezuelan company CITGO, sanctioned the Central Bank of Venezuela, and continued to add officials to the sanctions list. While these coercive measures sought to economically strangle the country, the US continued to push opposition figures. In January, Juan Guaidó declared himself president of Venezuela. With US pressure, at least 60 governments across the world were pushed into recognizing this illegitimate statement. In order to push him to challenge Maduro’s legitimate government, the US handed Guaidó control of foreign frozen Venezuelan assets, including CITGO, as well as Venezuelan embassies. Despite being handed all of the concessions needed, Guaido failed to garner any popular support as people in Venezuela and across the world saw this as an open and weak attempt at regime change.

Between 2015 and 2019, food imports fell by 73%, which caused chronic hunger to skyrocket by 214%; 180,000 surgeries were halted due to a lack of antibiotics and anesthetics; 2.6 million children could not access vaccines; and over 60% of HIV/AIDS patients were forced to suspend their treatment. These all-out sanctions forced public services to cut their capacity by half as shortages of fuel, spare parts, and imports reduced their ability to function, according to UN Special Rapporteur Alena Douhan. US sanctions killed 40,000 people in one year, between 2017 and 2018. The true cost of US measures is in its hundreds of thousands, all victims of the US empire, hellbent on imposing its interests and will on a sovereign nation.

Suffocation (2020-2024)

In response to the Maduro government’s resilience and popular support, the US set a $15 million bounty for the capture of Maduro and four other officials, as well as imposing ridiculous charges over “narco-terrorism” and corruption against Maduro and 14 other officials. US sanctions, mercenary-backed coup attempts, and Guaido’s meddling continued to harm Venezuelan people as medicine shortages leaped, the US blocked aircraft and bullied foreign insurers to drop their coverage of oil tankers.

The sanctions regime caused a quarter of Venezuelans to leave the country, many to the United States, where they were told they would find safety. Migration has been weaponized, just like with Cuba, in order to build domestic pressure for those outside of Venezuela propagandized to believe the suffering in Venezuela is at the hands of the government, not US warfare.

Biden’s government, purporting to be interested in “democracy” in Venezuela, made a big show of easing some sanctions in the run-up to the 2024 elections. This was set up in order to feign concern, attempt to hide US hybrid warfare, and to justify the propaganda push denouncing the elections. In quick succession, the US sanctioned more officials and seized Maduro’s presidential plane.

Invasion (2025-26)

As power changed hands from Biden to Trump, the outgoing government imposed further fresh sanctions on Venezuelan officials, including Maduro, paving the way for further moves by the incoming Trump government.

The Trump regime designated US-created “drug cartels” as “foreign terrorist organizations. In August, the US raised the bounty on Maduro to $50 million and began a renewed propaganda campaign on the grounds of “narco-terrorism” and “cartels. This all provided the justification for the escalated aggression against Venezuela, with repeated war crimes as the US bombed small boats in the Caribbean and Pacific, which killed over 117 people.

Despite negotiations and diplomacy on the part of the Maduro government, including when Trump deported thousands of Venezuelans, the US only ramped up its aggression. All the while, the US has been continuing its funding and promotion of opposition candidates in elections, pushing propaganda in domestic and international media, and attempting to wrangle control of Venezuela’s oil.

In the past month, this aggression showed to the world just how the US operates without any consequence or accountability. On December 10, the US hijacked and stole 1.8 million barrels of Venezuelan oil and a tanker set for Cuba. A few weeks later, they hijacked and stole another oil tanker in international waters and tried and failed to hijack another. From December 21 until January 7, the US was chasing an empty oil tanker, which was put under Russian protection. Despite this, on January 7, the US hijacked and stole this tanker in the North Atlantic as well as another tanker in the Caribbean. These continued attacks, while the US and Israel threaten to bomb Iran, continue a slower, quieter genocide in Gaza, and threaten to attack Cuba, Nicaragua, Mexico, and Colombia, are part of the US empire’s monstrous operation. They seek to suffocate any challenge to its maintenance of an international system of plunder and exploitation.

Right now, the Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and First Lady Cilia Flores are captured in chains in New York, facing sham charges that are more for the spectacle than any justice. The US is continuing to steal Venezuela’s oil, broadcasting videos and cheering about hijacking another tanker. They are throwing around threats and gloating about deadly bombings that have killed over 110 people. It can feel hopeless, just as over two years of US-Israeli genocide go on without any justice for those who carry it out, who justify it, and who protect it.

All over the world, people are rising up against the US empire. Chants of “Yankee go home” have rung out across the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Venezuelans have been taking to the streets every day, chanting “Maduro, aguanta, que el pueblo se levanta / Maduro, hold on, the people are rising up”. When we take a look back at the past 20 years of US violence against Venezuela, we know that the biggest fear for the imperialists is a popular uprising. That is why they make the people suffer, that is why they fund figures to pretend to speak for them, that is why they spend billions of dollars on propaganda.

20 years ago this year, when Chávez took to the floor in the United Nations, he was not only speaking to the people of 2006 nor to Bush, but to us today as we rise up: “What is happening is that the world is waking up and people everywhere are rising up. I tell the world dictator: I have a feeling that the rest of your days will be a living nightmare, because everywhere you will see us rising up against American imperialism, demanding freedom, equality of peoples, and respect for the sovereignty of nations. Yes, we may be described as extremists, but we are rising against the empire, against the model of domination.”

The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect those of the Venezuelanalysis editorial staff.

Nuvpreet Kalra is CODEPINK’s Digital Content Producer. She completed a Bachelor’s in Politics & Sociology at the University of Cambridge, and an MA in Internet Equalities at the University of the Arts London. As a student, she was part of movements to divest and decolonize, as well as anti-racist and anti-imperialist groups. Nuvpreet joined CODEPINK as an intern in 2023, and now produces digital and social media content. In England, she organizes with groups for Palestinian liberation, abolition and anti-imperialism.

Source: Counterpunch

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Clicks (mexicosolidarity.com)
 
 

Our weekly roundup of stories in the English and Spanish language press on Mexico and Mexican politics.

Arturo Sánchez Jiménez, Respeto a soberanía de Venezuela, exigen miles en la CDMX La Jornada. Asimismo, llamaron a fortalecer la unidad regional: “Es hora de avanzar en la formación de una gran unidad latinoamericana para enfrentar al imperialismo”.

Mexico City protesters march against US intervention in Venezuela Reuters

Trump Threatens Military Action in Mexico Under the Pretext of a War on Drugs, Telesur. U.S. President Donald Trump threatened on Thursday, January 8, to launch a land military operation against Mexico over what he alleges is a war on drug cartels.

Donald Trump anuncia que iniciará ataques terrestres en territorio mexicano Telesur. Después de la operación militar estadounidense contra Venezuela, Donald Trump afirmó que México, así como Cuba y Colombia, podrían ser los próximos objetivos de Washington.

Anne Vigna, Mexico’s president downplays Trump’s threats Le Monde. Does keeping a cool head require burying it in the sand?

Gonzalo Ortuño López, Desafíos ambientales de México en 2026: proteger a defensores, cumplir metas climáticas y aumentar el presupuesto Desinformémonos. Este año, las expectativas de expertos y activistas se centran en vigilar las acciones del Gobierno para resolver la crisis de violencia que amenaza a las personas defensoras del territorio.

Frank Morris, Deportations are set to explode — a huge worry for farmers already facing a labor shortage Wisconsin Public Radio. Washington will pump an extra $170 billion into Immigration Customs Enforcement, or ICE, and the Border Patrol between now and September 2029. With a massive budget behind the effort, the goal is to ramp up deportations to at least 1 million immigrants a year.

Jorge Zepeda Patterson, Mostrar, con campañas de publicidad masiva, q Trump se equivoca Sin Embargo. Desafortunadamente, este tipo de pensamiento mágico es muy común en la prensa mexicana. Una idea que solo tiene sentido si tienes una agencia de publicidad.

Megan Messerly, ‘Mexico should indeed be concerned’: Trump’s threats rattle Mexican officials, businesses Politico. A U.S. strike inside Mexico would only “embolden hardliners within Morena,” said Gerónimo Gutiérrez. From his mouth to God’s ears.

Rocío Moreno, Cherán K’eri: Luchar desde las necesidades colectivas Resumen Latinoamericano. Cherán K´eri significa Cherán el grande, pero su grandeza va más allá de la enorme extensión de su territorio y población. Creo que su grandeza está en las cosas que hacen esas personas en su territorio y fuera de él.

  • Clicks

    News Briefs

    Clicks

    January 11, 2026January 11, 2026

    Our weekly roundup of stories in the English and Spanish language press including the ever ubiquitous Trump threat, deportations, and Mexico rises for Venezuela and Maduro’s freedom.

  • The White House Cartel

    Analysis

    The White House Cartel

    January 11, 2026January 11, 2026

    “Make America Great Again” is an outdated slogan, since that country’s economic growth has been fueled by hundreds and thousands of acts of piracy.

  • Mexico City Mass March for Venezuela, Maduro & Flores

    News Briefs | Photos

    Mexico City Mass March for Venezuela, Maduro & Flores

    January 10, 2026January 11, 2026

    Defense of sovereignty and a unified continental response to US imperialist aggression comprised the collective agenda of the 10,000 strong march.

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This editorial by Antonio Gershenson originally appeared in the January 11, 2026 edition of La Jornada, Mexico’s premier left wing daily newspaper. The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect those ofMexico Solidarity Media*, or theMexico Solidarity Project.*

We’ve already seen that it’s impossible to stop the Republican presidential madness. Without laws, without rules, without a shred of common sense or morality, Trump does as he pleases. He has ordered the killing of any person, regardless of age, religion, or economic status. The only thing that matters is trying to hide the blazing sun shining down on him and his genocidal government. The head of the White House has become the head of the world’s largest cartel.

The threats are no longer just threats; they have been carried out with complete impunity, a level of behavior unseen for years. This has been demonstrated by his support for the “Minister of Death,” Benjamin Netanyahu, by creating a criminal organization immune to any law, and by ICE’s persecution of innocent people whose only crime is working and supporting their families.

We are talking about a country that is definitely, and historically has proven to be, a danger to humanity.

The assault on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, although widely predicted, has left us speechless. Well done to the acting president, Delcy Rodríguez. Her inaugural address was a true call for human consistency, dignity, and a return to reason.

Long live PDVSA! Long live the oil workers! These are more than just slogans. They are the heartfelt and genuine demand for what is rightfully theirs. Venezuelan oil belongs to the people of Venezuela. The acting president emphasizes that they owe nothing to the United States. On the contrary, the US has abused the profits generated by Citgo.

Delcy says: “President Trump has a score to settle with; they stole more than 35 billion dollars with Citgo because it’s not just the company’s value, but also the annual dividends it has generated since 2019. Where are they? Where is that money? They stole it! Venezuela owes nothing to any US government. It’s a legitimate claim, although we know that for the immoral Republican government, that doesn’t matter. They openly declare themselves the new pirates of the Caribbean.”

President Rodríguez continued, “The oil doesn’t belong to the United States, the gas doesn’t belong to the United States: they belong to Venezuela.” And they will continue to say it openly: “If you want a barrel, if you want a single molecule of oil or gas, you have to pay for it. There is no other way; neither threats nor extortion nor theft nor looting are the way.” They were wrong, Trump was wrong, and very wrong… Venezuela owes nothing to the United States.

And not only that, President Delcy, with a firm voice, demands a historic apology from the United States and compensation for the lives lost in that country. And let the President not forget, it is the workers and the people in general who defend their resources. We don’t want to imagine Trump, or the despicable Marco Rubio, demanding in-kind payments from Pemex. Demanding quotas, advances, or anything else, as a show of cooperation and non-subordination to that country.

We don’t want to imagine a demand being made on President Sheinbaum to stop sending oil to Cuba, or to dismiss the group of Cuban doctors working under contract and through humanitarian aid in Mexico. “Make America Great Again” is an outdated slogan, since that country’s economic growth has been fueled by hundreds and thousands of acts of piracy. They have been the biggest drug traffickers since they discovered that enormous business.

It’s no secret that their troops were subjected to addiction since World War II, during the multiple invasions of various countries. The high rate of addiction suffered by American soldiers during the Vietnam War is an example of how the US government doesn’t care about its own people. In short, we are talking about a country that is definitely, and historically has proven, a danger to humanity.

US pressure affects us in all areas of production, science, art, and strategic industries, such as nuclear power. We are on high alert due to the current critical situation of our nuclear industry. We will not let our guard down on this issue. It is urgent that the current administration support the development of an industry that has been neglected by all neoliberal governments.

We have stated this on numerous occasions. The Mexican nuclear industry needs greater support from the current government. If we are talking about defending our energy sovereignty, supporting nuclear power will be the best demonstration of consistency. We will address this topic in greater detail in subsequent articles.

  • Clicks

    News Briefs

    Clicks

    January 11, 2026January 11, 2026

    Our weekly roundup of stories in the English and Spanish language press including the ever ubiquitous Trump threat, deportations, and Mexico rises for Venezuela and Maduro’s freedom.

  • The White House Cartel

    Analysis

    The White House Cartel

    January 11, 2026January 11, 2026

    “Make America Great Again” is an outdated slogan, since that country’s economic growth has been fueled by hundreds and thousands of acts of piracy.

  • Mexico City Mass March for Venezuela, Maduro & Flores

    News Briefs | Photos

    Mexico City Mass March for Venezuela, Maduro & Flores

    January 10, 2026January 11, 2026

    Defense of sovereignty and a unified continental response to US imperialist aggression comprised the collective agenda of the 10,000 strong march.

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The artist, who has shared her art in the country on numerous occasions, will perform alongside Cuban guitarist Leodan Brito as a special guest of the “De cara al sol” (Facing the Sun) gathering, hosted by maestro Efrain Amador.

Following her participation in the 30th edition of the Longina Canta a Corona Troubadour Festival in Santa Clara, the singer will also share her art at the Tres Tazas – venue of trova singer Silvio Alejandro at Pabellon Cuba-; at Casa de la Bombilla Verde; and at other venues in the Cuban capital.

She will also interact with students from the Jazz Band of the Amadeo Roldan Conservatory.

Lara Voo offers contemporary compositions that fuse the folk-rooted music of both nations, so in her shows she sings in Portuguese and Spanish, and on stage she combines dance with percussion instruments.

According to the press release, “she has a multifaceted voice and a singular intensity in her performances, in which she accompanies herself with her guitar and pandeiro in minimalist settings, and on a larger scale, with a bigger band.”

She has worked on projects that fuse voice, body, and movement, in which she uses performance as a tool for expression and transformation, the text adds.

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In a clear allusion to the remarks made by US President Donald Trump, the Cuban leader emphasized on social media that “those who turn everything into a business, even human lives, have no moral authority to point the finger at Cuba in any way, absolutely in any way.” In the post, Diaz-Canel argued that those who are now hysterically venting their anger against our nation are doing so out of rage at the sovereign decision of this people to choose their political model.

The head of state of the Caribbean nation told those who blame the Revolution for the severe economic shortages that they should be ashamed and thus rather remain silent.

In this regard, those who make these statements against his country “know and and admit that they are the result of the draconian measures of extreme suffocation that the US has been applying to us for six decades and threatens to surpass now,” he noted.

The president reaffirmed that Cuba is a free, independent, and sovereign nation that does not accept impositions.

He then stated categorically: “Cuba does not attack; it has been attacked by the US for 66 years, and it does not threaten; it prepares, ready to defend the Homeland to the last drop of blood. #CubaIsCourage.”

This Sunday, the island’s media gave extensive coverage to the Cuban president’s words in a context marked by the aggression against Venezuela and the continued escalation of threats from the White House against several countries.

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At the Esplanade of Human Rights (Trocadero), a landmark of Paris, dozens of people participated in a multinational demonstration organized by civil society organizations to express outrage over the January 3 attack.

Associations representing, among others, Argentinians, Bolivians, Colombians, Cubans, Chileans, Ecuadorians, French, Hondurans, Malians, Mexicans, Nigerians, and Peruvians denounced Washington’s actions and the violation of international law they represent, with the Eiffel Tower as a backdrop.

With banners, flags, and slogans, they demanded the immediate release of Maduro, whom they reminded everyone is the constitutional president of the South American nation.

They also called for respect for the sovereignty and self-determination of the Venezuelan people and the defense of peace in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the world against the imperial ambitions of the Donald Trump administration.

The demonstration at Trocadero emphasized that the aggression against Venezuela is not aimed at combating drug trafficking or terrorism, but rather at seizing its natural resources, from oil and gas to gold and water.

In their call to action, the organizers asked that political positions be set aside to focus on denouncing a violation of International Law and the UN Charter that should concern everyone.

A solidarity event with Venezuela also took place in the Place de la Bastille, i’m Paris, with the participation of political parties, unions, and associations from France.

The event called for condemnation of the aggression and warned that other nations could become targets of Trump’s imperial ambitions.

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In the city of Holguín, a massive citizen gathering reaffirmed the demand for peace in the Latin American region and condemned imperialist interference in the Caribbean.

Similarly, on Avenida de los Libertadores, in front of the monument to Simon Bolivar, those present called for an international campaign against the US rulers for their wars of plunder, genocidal blockades, and the criminal attack that violates international law, reported the Granma newspaper.

The declaration demanded the return of constitutional President Nicolas Maduro and First Lady Cilia Flores to their country, who were kidnapped by the United States government on January 3.

During the proclamation of freedom and justice, a tribute was paid to the 32 combatants who fell defending the sovereignty of the sister republic, including seven from Holguiíñn, according to the Cuban News Agency.

Meanwhile, in the city of Camaguey officers, civilian workers, and soldiers from the firing range of that Military Region expressed their unconditional support for the sister Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and called for peace in the Latin American region, free from imperialist interference, according to the local newspaper Adelante.

Similarly, employees of the Granma Provincial Electricity Company who had served on an internationalist mission in Venezuela expressed their support for the people and government of that country, while condemning the recent military aggression against the Bolivarian nation.

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According to a report from the government institution, some 50 U.S. Marines will participate in a training program from tomorrow until February 26 at the Jungle Warfare School in the Caribbean province of Colon and at the Captain Noel Rodriguez Naval Base in the capital.

For groups such as the National Front for the Defense of Economic and Social Rights (Frenadeso), these types of maneuvers are authorized by a memorandum of understanding signed last April between Panama and Washington, which they consider detrimental to national sovereignty, as it allows the presence of foreign troops and the establishment of military bases. In a statement issued by Frenadeso, signed by its coordinator Jorge Guzman, it is asserted that this type of training is not “cooperation,” but rather interference and aggression against national sovereignty.

The memorandum signed in 2025, the statement specifies, is an act of surrender intended to normalize the foreign military presence and transform Panama into a platform for geopolitical operations against sister nations like Venezuela, under the pretexts of security, migration, or drug trafficking.

In the statement, which Prensa Latina reached ay, the group demanded the immediate cessation of these training exercises and the genuine defense of independence.

“Panama is a sovereign and neutral country, not a ramp for imperial aggression,” the document states.

Since December 2025, this type of US military presence has intensified in Panama, under the pretext of fighting drug trafficking and following threats from President Donald Trump to retake control of the interoceanic waterway, including the use of force, due to an alleged “malign influence” from China on the route—something denied by authorities from both nations. jdt/oda/ga

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The statement issued by the U.S. State Department concerning Venezuela “is based on fabricated narratives aimed at creating a perception of risk that does not exist,” asserts a communiqué from the Ministry of Popular Power for Foreign Affairs.

“Venezuela,” the text emphasizes, “is fully calm, in peace and stable. All population centers, communication routes, checkpoints, and security devices are functioning normally.”

“All weapons in the country,” the statement adds, “are under the control of the Bolivarian Government, the sole guarantor of the legitimate monopoly on the use of force and the tranquility of the Venezuelan people.”

The statement insists that “the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela reaffirms its commitment to protecting peace, institutional stability, and the coexistence of the Venezuelan people.” jdt/oda/apb

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Hundreds of thousands of people participated in marches organized by political, labor, student, and social organizations, which joined together the previous day in 30 cities to simultaneously express their condemnation of the US aggression against the Bolivarian nation and its threats against Cuba, Colombia, and other countries.

The demonstrations spread throughout Rome, Milan, Brescia, Turin, Venice, Bologna, Piacenza, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Rimini, Ravenna, Imola, Faenza, Genoa, Pisa, Florence, Siena, Lucca, Perugia, Ancona, Bari, Lecce, Brindisi, Barletta, Gaeta, Naples, Catanzaro, Potenza, Cagliari, and Palermo.

The protesters rejected the hegemonic ambitions of US imperialism, state terrorism, and the ongoing application of the colonialist Monroe Doctrine.

In the massive demonstration in Rome, the demonstrators marched along several of the main avenues in the city center, from the Esquiline Square to the US Embassy.

“Today we’re in the plaza and we will not stop, because we know that the risk of further attacks is extremely high,” some of the speakers declared, reaffirming that “with socialist Cuba in our hearts, with socialist Venezuela in our hearts, we will continue to mobilize for the idea of ​​a different world.”

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By Álvaro García Linera  –  Jan 10, 2026

Since 1945, interstate relations have been governed by three basic principles: a) mutual respect for the territorial sovereignty of states; b) the shared understanding that each country must resolve its political affairs internally without foreign interference; and c) the peaceful settlement of disputes between states (UN Charter, Art. 2). Certainly, on many occasions they were not observed, as with the U.S. invasions of Vietnam, Puerto Rico, Iraq, and Libya; the Soviet invasions of Czechoslovakia and Hungary; or the European invasions of Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, etc. The great powers, driven by commercial or geopolitical interests, could occasionally violate those rules, but it was a force of destiny around which the ties and legitimacy of state actions were regulated.

With the fall of the USSR in 1989, the “order” was “enriched” by the pillars of ongoing globalization: d) free trade in goods and capital; e) protection of foreign investment (coming from North America and Europe); f) globalized value chains; g) democracy and expansive liberal values. It was about doing business anywhere in the world, but with a dose of theatrical hypocrisy (the so-called “liberal values”) for the sake of legitimizing the system before the subordinate classes. Today that order has exploded into a thousand pieces.

First came the structural flaws of hyperglobalism, which manifested as a systemic contraction of economic growth and the dramatic financial crisis of 2008-2010. Markets do not self-regulate, and leaving them to their own devices is like letting monkeys with knives loose in a kindergarten. Silently, cross-border capital flows began to retreat, as did global trade growth rates (BIS, 2024). Finally, it was the state, considered an “archaic” political artifact, that had to bail out the “deserving” investors by printing public money. In 2020, that “quantitative easing” reached 18% of the GDP of advanced economies (IMF, 2022). In the meantime, Brexit came along, showing that ideals of sovereignty were not mere museum relics but also a different way of organizing the economy. Alarmed, liberal elites began talking about “slow globalization.”

And finally Trump arrived, with his basic but direct language and his cavalry of import tariffs, which ended up upending all the principles and “values” that had been shared until then. He began imposing tariffs on the entire world like someone dealing marked poker cards, then negotiating new, equally marked cards, until he knocked out every participant one by one.

In a short time, all the anti-globalization forces have risen up and are now dominant. Instead of free trade, there is rampant protectionism. In place of free competition, there are state-subsidized industrial policies. Instead of fiscal discipline, public debt has skyrocketed. Global value chains are giving way to a geopolitically regionalized division of labor. Goodbye globalization, at least in key areas of the economy. Welcome to “geoeconomic fragmentation.”

All of this entails a reorganization of the key players in the global economy. If before it was the anonymous markets that redefined investment, trade, and profitability flows, subordinating states to that enterprise, now it will be the states that plan and use their monopoly powers to enable capital to operate and enrich itself. It is still capitalism. Of course. But the latter is a new type of state-protected, capitalized, shored-up, and driven global capitalism.

The new rule of the interstate game that is now being imposed is that there are no rules. In this time of liminal transition, everything is permissible—first and foremost, force and coercion among states to impose on others what governments, and the companies sheltered by them, need. It does not matter whether these companies are national or transnational. What matters is that they are based in a state and will leverage that state’s political, economic, and coercive power to secure domestic credit, subsidies, tariff protections, blackmail other states into tax exemptions, and, of course, occupy their markets. It is a savage order in which states act as unrestrained Hobbesian Leviathans, pitted against one another. The only barrier that they impose on themselves is the one that arises from the limits of their resources and power. Based on that, they realistically gauge their spheres of control and influence.

There are no longer any “values” to adhere to or to invoke in their pursuit. No democracy, no human rights, no justice. Only power. The power to occupy. The power to win. The power to usurp. The power to monetize. The power to humiliate and subdue. And Trump’s preferred power—instilling fear in others. “America First,” regardless of agreements, loyalties, history, peoples, or the individuals who are crushed, trampled, and spat upon on the road to greatness: “drill, baby, drill.”

That is why President Trump does not care about maintaining the military umbrella in Europe. He gains nothing. The US loses money. It is more profitable to sell weapons and gas to the frightened European governments that take refuge in an illusory “international order” based on supplication.

That is why he does not care about Ukraine’s integrity or its accession to NATO. Russia is not an adversary for the US to fear, and Ukraine only matters if the US can seize its lands and minerals and, above all, recover the more than $100 billion that Biden handed over to it. If ceding part of the territory to Russia achieves that goal, it is a good deal.

Tha is why he unilaterally imposes tariffs on the world; forces the OECD to repeal the 15% tax on its US multinationals; and is on his way to annexing Greenland.

That is why Germany is dusting off its old Prussian military helmet, instantly amending its constitution, and unleashing “unlimited public spending” to “make its army great.” And it tells everyone that this is the “new” Europeanism.

That is why, when the US militarily intervenes in Venezuela and abducts President Maduro, it does not even pretend to invoke any international convention. Much less to the UN, which has become an NGO for pious international debates. There is no hypocrisy. There is no justification. There is a simple, pure, and shameless display of state power to confiscate the world’s largest oil reserve. And, by the way, to protect the new petroleum reserves in Essequibo.

January 3 and the Imperialist Rationale Against Venezuela

We have entered a wild international interregnum, governed by the law of force of states (economic and military). This is not a temporary lapse by Trump. It will not end when the US elects a new president in 2028. It is the stormy transition toward a new, stable global order; but it is a transition that will last more than a decade, sowing violence, hatred, and intra-state cannibalism that will leave wounds for centuries.

When the inflection of order takes cruel and violent forms devoid of legitimizing narratives, it can be seen as a symptom of the twilight of a regime of domination. In this case, it is the globalist cycle (40 years) and the US hegemonic cycle (100 years). Every decline in authority exacerbates the desperation of those who benefited from it, leading them to try to halt the inevitable by violent means. It is what the historian Tuchman has called the “bellicose frivolity of senile empires.” However, brutality is also a symptom of the agonizing birth of the new order. It is the recurring “midwife” of history to which Marx referred in the famous Chapter XXIV of Capital, where he describes not only how the modern state is formed but also how the state is an “economic power” that helps bring about every new social form. Violent state intervention is a birthmark of capitalism and, therefore, of all the new long cycles through which the accumulation of wealth and investment is renewed. Rampant state coercion is a hallmark of liminal times. Like the present one.

Amid these naked monstrosities with which the great powers are acting, it is possible to discern the birth of principles of regularity that, in due course, may cement the new international order that will emerge and stabilize over the coming decades. These regularities are:

  1. States are no longer merely the support for capital accumulation, as they were under neoliberalism; now they are also part of the command and territorialized reorganization of that accumulation. China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam are successful examples of this. The US and the EU will follow suit, but not in the form of a state-entrepreneur, as the former did, but rather as a state that incubates, protects, and nurtures “its” private companies in its areas of influence.

  2. The states will be divided into patron states and vassal states, based on their infrastructural capacity, economic power, political cohesion, and military logistics. The former will delineate areas of control and autonomy for companies based in their territories. The latter serve as suppliers of inputs and exclusivity to the former.

  3. Sovereignty is no longer based upon agreements and international treaties. It derives purely from economic strength, solid internal legitimacy, the ability of a state to defend itself, and the capacity to inflict harm on other states. Those who lack these attributes will become vassal states.

  4. Areas of influence, whether regional or continental, will be flexible, subject to the pressures of capital radiating outward in search of markets. But the elasticity of borders will not depend on trade agreements, but on waves of tariff wars, geopolitical blackmail, and interference in the internal affairs of states. From an “international order” for markets in which states served as the platform for the free flow of capital, we will move to a “global order” of states that forcibly conquer regional spaces and specific global markets for “their” capital.

  5. The internal regime of governmental legitimacy will gradually set aside the globalist liberal ideology to focus on regional security issues, national “greatness,” and sovereignty.

It is a scenario of dominant and submissive states based on geoeconomic priorities. It is terrifying, but real.

(Diario Red)

Translation: Orinoco Tribune

OT/SC/DZ


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Through his Twitter account, Foreign Minister Alberto van Klaveren officially announced Chile’s willingness to collaborate with its neighbor in controlling and extinguishing the fires.

“In times of adversity, solidarity between sister nations and joint efforts are fundamental to addressing shared challenges,” Van Klaveren wrote.

Several wildfires are affecting southern Argentina, particularly the provinces of Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut, and Santa Cruz.

For the time being, the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) has ruled out the possibility of the fires spreading to the Chilean side, as the winds are blowing toward the Atlantic.

According to CONAF, one of the fires is 17 kilometers from the border and another more than 20 kilometers away.

Hundreds of people, including firefighters, technicians, and other personnel, supported by heavy machinery, drones, water tankers, and airplanes, are working to control the flames.

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Founded in 2002, this 5,030-square-meter space offers a key sensory and technological experience for learning about the ancestral culture and pre-Hispanic history of the country’s central valley.

“Our intention is to reach the public, share knowledge, provide an engaging tour, and spark the interest of anyone, at any age,” Hari Castillo, a young archaeologist at the institution, explained to Prensa Latina.

“Kaminaljuyu flourished from approximately 1500 BC until the Classic period, and we exhibit a collection based on what was found here when the Miraflores Shopping Center was built, as well as donations,” he explained.

We are a center that strives to be cutting-edge and engaging, because that’s how you learn the most, he emphasized, while mentioning the topics they cover: the gods, agriculture, cacao, architecture, and crafts.

We include reconstructions, reenactments of funerary ceremonies, virtual reality experiences, screens to discover each person’s Mayan nahual, or to learn through a game based on the numbers of that civilization, Castillo added.

We try to be at the forefront; we have 3D model projects, immersive rooms, but above all, we want people to understand the connection between the past and the present, the specialist remarked.

The Museum explains how this city was an important political, economic, and ceremonial center, while also influencing trade routes and interacting with other areas of Mesoamerica.

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The flames are currently advancing uncontrollably and keeping several towns in the area on edge.

The extreme weather conditions of historic drought, high temperatures, and strong winds are severely complicating the work of the firefighters and favoring the fire’s advance toward populated areas, the Chubut newspaper Jornada reports.

The newspaper quotes the lament of Chubut’s Secretary of Forests, Abel Nievas, as he describes the impact of the blaze, which broke out on January 5, as “the worst environmental tragedy in 20 years” in that province, where the flames have consumed some 7,000 hectares of native forest.

The main fire front is concentrated in the Epuyen and El Hoyo area. In Puerto Patriada, at least ten homes were destroyed by the fire.

The municipality of El Maiten asked its residents to be prepared for a possible evacuation. Other nearby towns, such as El Coihue and Buenos Aires Chico, remain on alert, with municipal facilities already prepared as a precaution to receive evacuees.

The Municipality of El Hoyo implemented a preventative self-evacuation for residents, tourists, and visitors of the El Pedregoso area, as well as for the Aldea San Francisco area, while traffic on Route 40 remains restricted.

Authorities in Chubut believe the fire was intentionally set, and judicial investigators are working to corroborate the charge.

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Donald Trump wants to seize Venezuelan oil, and the world cannot allow the law of the strongest to prevail, because we know that it only benefits the rich, the councilwoman, who heads the Group of Communists and Citizens in the Paris City Hall, told Prensa Latina.

According to Primet, remaining passive in the face of what happened on January 3 in the South American nation is to accept that Washington is extending its crusade through the Latin American and Caribbean region, where it has already threatened Colombia, Cuba, and Mexico.

The United States bombed targets in several Venezuelan cities and kidnapped President Nicolas Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores.

That action represented an intolerable attack on international law, with a very clear aim: to seize the oil, the councilwoman, who the day before had been one of those who took to the streets of the capital to denounce the aggression against Venezuela, warned.

Hundreds of people gathered at emblematic Parisian sites such as the Trocadero Esplanade and the Place de la Bastille to express their solidarity with the Venezuelan people.

Many of the demonstrators demanded the release of Maduro and Flores.

jdt/arm/oda/wmr

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“Unfortunately, a young woman who was injured by falling debris from an attack drone on a private home died overnight in an intensive care unit,” Gusev posted on the Telegram social network this Sunday.

According to the governor, the attack was “one of the most severe” since February 2022.

“Furthermore, the enemy targeted the maximum number of civilian facilities,” Gusev emphasized.

Two Voronezh residents, a man and a woman, who were injured in the attack, were discharged after receiving medical treatment.

A third patient remains hospitalized after undergoing surgery for an abdominal wound, the official stated.

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According to a report by the Panama Maritime Authority (AMP), in coordination with the Panama Canal Authority (ACP), this policy follows the enactment of Law 202 of July 17, through which the country adopts the Convention Relating to this global body.

The law ratifies a convention signed in Monaco in 1967 and amended in 2005, through which Panama formally integrates itself into international efforts to standardize hydrography for the benefit of maritime navigation safety and efficiency.

For the authorities, this step represents a milestone for Panama, formalizing its incorporation as a Member State of the IHO and strengthening the development of national hydrography, in alignment with international standards for navigational safety and maritime management, the statement specifies.

It also emphasizes that joining the convention strengthens Panama’s compliance with its international hydrographic obligations, which are essential to guaranteeing navigational safety, the protection of human life at sea, and the preservation of the marine environment.

jdt/arm/oda/ga

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According to a statement on its official Telegram channel, the active and energetic operations of units from the Dnieper Force Group resulted in the capture of the village of Belogorie in the Zaporizhzhia region.

The Russian military also reported approximately 1,330 Ukrainian army casualties in the last 24 hours, a third of which (400) resulted from operations by the Central Force Group.

The ministry added that the Eastern Force Group inflicted 290 casualties on the enemy during the last 24 hours; the Northern Force Group, 205; the Western Force Group, 200; and the Southern Force Group, 160 and the Dnieper Group, 75.

Ukrainian military losses in the last 24 hours include 12 armored vehicles, three artillery pieces, 82 military vehicles, one electronic warfare station, 11 ammunition, equipment, and fuel depots, and 130 unmanned aerial vehicles.

According to the report, “Ukrainian forces, unable to advance toward the city of Kupyansk in the Kharkiv region, made a failed attempt to establish their presence there by sending a drone to raise the Ukrainian flag over the municipal administration building, but both the flag and the drone were destroyed.”

Russian troops repelled two attacks in this area and killed 15 enemy soldiers, the military stated.

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It is a monumental act of war. After being kidnapped and flown to the United States, President Nicolás Maduro has pled not guilty to spurious drugs charges in New York – even as U.S. government documents admit that Venezuela is not a major drugs producer, and prosecutors concede that Maduro’s supposed Cartel of the Suns never existed.

Moreover, Trump’s star key witness, former Venezuelan Gen. Hugo “El Pollo” Carvajal, is a deeply compromised figure. Once a senior official in military intelligence, Carvajal has long been frozen out of power in Venezuela, and became a vocal supporter of U.S.-backed, self-proclaimed president, Juan Guaidó. Moreover, Carvajal himself pled guilty to narcotics charges, with The Miami Herald reporting that he had truck a plea deal which would grant him “a considerable sentence reduction if he provides ‘substantial assistance’ to US investigations” – i.e., to lie in the service of the American government.

Joining MintPress News’ Mnar Adley today to talk about the trial, the kidnapping, and the response inside Venezuela is Diego Sequera. Diego is a writer and journalist based in Caracas, whose work you can find in Spanish and English at MisionVerdad.com.

Despite videos circulating on social media (many of which have been produced by A.I.) Sequera noted that the United States’ blatant act of aggression is not playing well in Venezuela, with more liberal opposition sectors rejecting the move as an act of imperial violence. Millions of people have come out on the streets to demand the return of Maduro and his First Lady, Cilia Flores.

Venezuela has been in the United States’ crosshairs since the 1998 election of Hugo Chavez. Chavez proposed that Venezuela could choose an alternative path to that of “savage capitalism,” and began reorientating the country’s economy towards the needs of the people. Under Chavez, poverty and unemployment were halved, and extreme poverty fell by 75%. The undernourished population fell from 3.8 million to virtually zero by 2012. Chavez’s United Socialist Party built schools and free healthcare clinics across the country, and UNESCO declared Venezuela illiteracy free in 2005.

Venezuela: Communes Are on the Frontline in Defense of the Bolivarian Revolution

Over the past decade, however, the United States has carried out a campaign of economic warfare against the country, strangling Venezuela and bringing it to its knees. Now, it wishes to finish the job off.

Trump’s actions are rapidly eroding international law, a concept which he said today that he “doesn’t need” anymore. He has also stated that Colombian president Gustavo Petro is “next” in line for regime change. “Colombia is very sick, too, run by a sick man who likes making cocaine and selling it to the United States. And he’s not going to be doing it very long, let me tell you,” he statedadding that a military operation against Petro “sounds good” to him. In recent days, Trump has also noted that Cuba looks “ready to fall,” and that the United States intends to annex Greenland.

Corporate media has steadfastly supported Trump’s decision to kidnap a democratically-elected head of state. Yet the reality inside Venezuela is very different to the one we are being presented, argues Sequera.

Don’t miss this unique opportunity to hear a first-hand account from the heart of the action.

(MintPress News)


From Orinoco Tribune – News and opinion pieces about Venezuela and beyond via This RSS Feed.

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By Peter Lackowski  –  Jan 3, 2026

The United States is committed to removing Venezuela’s President, Nicolás Maduro, along with the government he leads. The pretext—that Maduro is involved in sending drugs to the US—is even refuted by the US government’s own intelligence agencies, so many wonder why a carrier fleet has been sent to threaten war. To answer that question, it is necessary to look at what has been going on inside the country.

What do most Americans know about Venezuela? Coverage in the corporate media has focused largely on actions of the upper-class opposition—coup attempts, violent demonstrations, economic sabotage, claims of electoral fraud, etc. We learn about how effective the United States’ blockade on Venezuela’s international commerce has been in impoverishing the country, but the media assure us that the real cause of poverty is “corruption and mismanagement” by the government. The fact that the Venezuelan people have not overthrown what they call the “regime” is explained as evidence of “authoritarianism” and “repression.” Most Americans have no further information, and many assume that it is all really just about control of the oil.

But there is more to the story: a revolutionary process over the last quarter-century that envisions a viable alternative to the capitalist world order, a peaceful transition to a form of socialism based on a truly bottom-up democracy in which decisions are made by the people in their communities. That is an outcome that the United States’ government is sworn to prevent. Our corporate media does its part by its virtual silence about Venezuela’s communes, even as the late President Hugo Chávez put them at the heart of the Bolivarian revolution. They are the key to understanding why the Bolivarian revolution has survived 25 years of relentless attack.

Chávez summed it up in the slogan Commune or nothing!–¡Comuna o nada!–in his last major speech. He argued that capitalism had led the country into poverty and subjugation; the commune is the path to survival, a peaceful and constructive transition to a form of socialism that is profoundly democratic and egalitarian. What Chávez called “socialism of the 21st century” has been taken up by millions of Venezuelans, members of thousands of communes, urban and rural; people whose hope for a decent future would be swept away if a US puppet were to be installed.

Conceptually, the transition to socialism is easy to outline: The government, with its Bolivarian constitution of 1999, is a necessary instrument for running the mostly capitalist economy that exists in Venezuela today; the Bolivarian movement recognizes that fact, and manages the county’s affairs through its ministries and other institutions. At the same time, that government encourages communities to organize themselves into communes. These are productive entities that are socially owned, managed by their workers, and which produce to satisfy social needs, not for someone’s profit. The government, for its part, channels development funds toward these self-governing, autonomous bodies, and enables them to coordinate their activities regionally and nationally. Eventually they are to become the dominant factor in the economy and the management of the country’s affairs, overtaking and ultimately replacing the capitalist system.

A plan of this kind would seem far-fetched if one were to propose it for other countries, but there are historical and social reasons why there are millions of people in Venezuela who are committed to making it happen. To understand why, a little history is essential.

Throughout the last decades of the 20th century, Venezuela was a neo-colony of the United States. American firms led the development of the oil industry, working closely with the bureaucracy of the State owned oil company. Meanwhile, Venezuelan oligarchs monopolized the food supply by importing food and other products to be sold at prices that undercut local producers. Peasants moved to cities where they joined the huge underclass of desperately poor people trying to survive. They settled wherever they could find a place to construct shelter.

The country was governed by an oligarchy made up of oil company executives, monopolists who controlled importing and the industries, and rural land owners. Their role was essentially to facilitate the extraction of the country’s oil and other resources by foreign corporations, while keeping the local population under control. Their share of the profits enabled them to live a lavish life style, importing big cars, building highways and tall buildings in the cities. A very small share went toward providing streets, water, education, health care, or other basic services to the millions of people in the self-constructed homes that surrounded those cities. The police were given a free hand to control the barrios as they saw fit, often working together with (or as) criminal gangs. A bare minimum of services was provided only when people organized with sufficient militancy, by demonstrating, blocking highways, etc.

The masses of people who needed shelter had to find land to live upon; Caracas and other cities were surrounded by vacant land owned by private interests, the church, or the government. Large groups of homeless people organized themselves to carry out “invasions” of vacant areas surrounding Caracas and other cities. The owners fought those seizures, often with police or other private “security” forces; the “invaders” developed strategies and tactics to overcome that resistance, and the hills were settled. Well before Chávez was elected, rural and urban cooperatives and communes were being formed; after his election they flourished in the new political climate. These experiences contributed to the political consciousness and organizational skills of the Venezuelan popular classes, a factor that has been crucial throughout the history of the Bolivarian revolution as well as the commune movement.

Desperation and anger reached the boiling point in 1989, when an uprising, the “Caracazo,” erupted across the country; masses of poor people looting stores and warehouses. The army was called in and ordered to shoot anyone on the streets—hundreds, maybe thousands, were killed and wounded, and “order” was restored. But unlike many other Latin armies, whose officers are from the upper classes, Venezuela’s officers were often from the popular classes; many were disturbed by the orders to kill civilians.

One such officer was Major Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, who led a coup in 1992. The coup failed, but many people admired Chávez for having made the attempt and for his honorable behavior after it collapsed. He went to jail, but the winner of the next presidential election promised that if elected, he would release Chavez; he did so in 1994. Chávez went on to run for president in 1998, taking office in 1999.

That first year was a whirlwind: A constituent assembly wrote the most progressive constitution in the world—it passed in a referendum by a landslide. Chávez was re-elected again under the new constitution—another landslide—and he went to work redirecting the profits of the oil industry toward economic recovery and human development. The effects were dramatic: Illiteracy wiped out, food subsidized, doctors’ offices set up in barrios. Most of all, people were encouraged to get organized, participate in neighborhood meetings, form co-ops, to get involved in creating an economy based on improving the lives of the masses of people who had been left out. “Participation” and “protagonism”–the people creating their own future—was working.

Like many countries, Venezuela had its own “deep state:” bureaucrats who resisted the rapid changes that Chávez intended to bring. His response was to create new government organizations called “missions” with their own independent funding. These were set up as needed to provide things like job training, child care, literacy, land reform, infrastructure investment, adult education including free college, housing and many other needs. There was even one called Misión Milagro (“miracle mission”) that flew planeloads of people to Cuba to have their cataracts removed and their sight restored. It was an impressive demonstration of what can be accomplished by a government that seriously intends to direct the country’s resources toward making life better for the majority rather than toward the Venezuelan oligarchy and American corporations.

The oligarchs responded with a coup on April 11, 2002. Two massive demonstrations, one pro- and the other anti-Chavez, were happening a short distance apart. Assassins working for the opposition fired down from nearby high-rises, killing people on both sides and provoking chaos. The local corporate media broadcast a false account blaming Chávez for what was happening, and a faction of the military took Chavez prisoner. The United States instantly recognized a leader of the oligarchs as president, but millions of Venezuelans filled the streets of Caracas and other cities, and the US backed self-proclaimed president (later called “Pedro the Brief”) fled; after 47 hours Chavez was back in power.

Soon after that failed plot, the oligarchs regrouped and launched a “lock-out.” All major businesses—stores, employers, importers– closed their doors for many months; even the oil company stopped shipping oil. The economy was devastated, but Chavez got control of the oil tankers, the lock-out fizzled away, and people voted decisively to support Chavez in a recall referendum. The economy eventually recovered, and people’s well-being was noticeably improving throughout the last half of the first decade of the century. Venezuela began using its oil wealth to help other countries in the region, opening up mutually beneficial trade and barter and strengthening relations with other progressive governments.

By the middle of the first decade of the century it was clear that the oligarchy, working with the United States, would continue to use economic power to try to overthrow the Bolivarian government. The strategy was to undermine the country’s economy by cutting it off from international trade.

It started with an embargo on spare parts to maintain oil extraction and refining equipment, most of which was US-made. Next, key members of the government were blacklisted by the US government—falsely accused of terrorism, drug dealing or human rights violations. This blacklisting is called “imposing sanctions” by the United States in order to give them an aura of authority and righteousness—the US punishing “wrongdoers.” In fact, no international body has recognized the right of the US to attack individuals or countries in this way. “Sanctions” are imposed arbitrarily, to further US interests, whatever those may be. Anyone doing business with a sanctioned person or company is at risk of penalties or prosecution by the US. “Sanctioning” officials makes it dangerous for any company to do business with them. The shortages and bottlenecks this causes in supply chains have led to inflation, unemployment, and hunger and death resulting from the blockade of food and medicine.

The US expected the Venezuelan people to blame the resulting poverty and hardship on the government and vote the oligarchs back into power. But they had had a taste of what could be done by a government committed to serving people’s needs—the fact that the oligarchs were actually encouraging the United States to impoverish the country did not make people trust them to run the country. The international corporate media blamed the country’s problems on “corruption and mismanagement,” but Venezuelans knew they were under attack, and why.

Bolivarian revolutionaries generally agreed that capitalism was at the root of the country’s problems, and they were inclined toward socialism. But they were also aware of how the top-down planning of Soviet socialism and the “co-operatives-relating-through-the-market” Yugoslav socialism had both failed, each in its own way. They knew they would have to figure out how to build a new model of socialism.

Chávez assembled a team: activists and intellectuals, some with detailed understanding of 20th century socialisms, all with experience in social movements. Together, they articulated a model of sustainable socialism along with a plan for a peaceful transition that would take advantage of the political awareness and class consciousness of the people. It was a bold and sophisticated plan, but Chávez used his immensely popular Sunday call-in TV program to explain it in plain terms.

He proposed that the Venezuelan people create a communal society based on communal councils (consejos comunales) as the fundamental building blocks of democratic power, and that those councils function according to three principles: social ownership of the means of production, workers managing their own work, and production for need, not profit.

While communal councils had precursors in spontaneous neighborhood organizations, their formal recognition by the government was an outgrowth of one of the many initiatives of the early 2000’s. The Urban Land Councils (Consejos de Tierras Urbanas) were set up to serve the many people who had migrated to cities and built a house on vacant land. They didn’t have titles for their homes; they wanted their ownership legally recognized. The Bolivarian government convened assemblies, neighborhood by neighborhood, for people to get together and agree on property lines, etc., so they could get deeds. This prompted people to talk to each other. They prioritized the infrastructure improvements they needed most—water, streets, schools, whatever—rather than have those decisions made for them by someone downtown. They had control of how the money was spent, and the books were open, so there was public accountability. The fact that the government would pay attention to their decisions and actually delivered what they asked for made the program very popular, and it spread.

Communal councils (consejos comunales) were given legal status in 2006. They are geographically defined areas with about 200 to 400 households (fewer in rural or indigenous areas). These are open assemblies where every resident may fully participate, and which carry out productive and social activities in their community. The councils’ affairs are managed by local people. The books are open, so anyone can see how money from the government is spent and how the community’s enterprises are managed, with community members often volunteering their labor to carry out projects. These assemblies turned out to be very popular, and with Chavez’s encouragement communal councils formed across the country.

Many contiguous communal councils went on to form communes (comunas): a higher level of organization involving thousands of people and larger scale production and infrastructure facilities. The Organic Law of the Communes was passed in 2010. This gave communes legal status, recognizing their intent to combine communal councils into communes, and communes into communal cities and larger combinations. It specified bottom-up decision-making processes and social auditing of results. It also gave the communes the right to establish communal banks and other institutions needed to share and grow the communes’ resources.

While all members may participate in meetings of communal councils, the actual day-to-day business of the communal councils is handled by committees. Committees of the commune are made up of people from the communal councils. The way these individuals are selected and their role in committees is an important part of the system; it is very different from the way our system works.

Our form of government is based on representation. We elect someone and they represent us in Congress, the legislature, etc. for a certain length of time. Once elected, they vote based on their own views, influenced by lobbyists, campaign contributors and other powerful forces. Constituents get a chance to review their performance at the end of their term of office, but only by voting for a different candidate—possibly someone worse.

In contrast, members of Venezuelan communal councils select spokespersons (voceros). These individuals are expected to represent their community’s views in the deliberations of the higher body—the commune — and are replaced if they do not. They also may be replaced as issues change, the community’s situation evolves, and the consensus shifts. The main idea is to select the people who manage things based on how effectively they speak and act in accordance with the consensus of those who sent them. Communes have begun to organize along these principles into larger groupings—communal cities—with the long range goal of replacing the current form of ‘representative’ government by one that is more accountable and responsive.

The last two decades have been difficult for Venezuela. The United States views any Latin American government that promotes redistribution of wealth and asserts national sovereignty as a challenge to its hegemony. Over the years, the oligarchs, fully backed by the United States, have staged several more coups, all of which failed for lack of popular support. They often lose elections, so they routinely cry fraud—except when they do win. There has been sabotage of the energy grid and oil production, assassination attempts, and financial manipulation to induce hyperinflation.

In such a context, it has been hard for communes to get the resources they need to have a significant role in the economy. Land reform has enabled rural communes to take root, but they need seeds, machines, transportation to markets, etc.; urban communes need production facilities. The government has limited resources and many responsibilities. The years 2016 through 2021 were a time of intense hunger and death after President Obama acted to cut off food and medicine imports. The communes responded with a surge in production that has contributed to Venezuela’s near-complete self-sufficiency in food today.

In recent years, President Maduro has accelerated reforms designed to turn over decision-making power to the people. In the spring of 2024, he established a four-times-a-year participatory budgeting process, whereby communal councils reach a consensus on a slate of proposed projects and a commune-wide election decides between them. In the most recent election, 6.5 million people voted in 5,336 communes and communal circles (communes in formation). Communities have begun to elect judges to handle disputes between individuals and certain low-level offenses with an emphasis on restorative justice. Local formations of the people’s militia elect their leaders. These are part of the process of empowering the people.

Venezuela: Communes Are on the Frontline in Defense of the Bolivarian Revolution

Venezuela has steel mills, limestone, and the energy to power cement factories, so even with the economic blockade in force, the government has continued building free or very affordable homes—more than five million units so far, in a country with fewer than 28 million people. In contrast to the projects built in the US to warehouse the poor, Venezuelan housing complexes are designed with facilities that promote community connections. Day care, cooking and dining space, sports fields, laundry rooms, practice space for the youth music programs that Venezuela is known for, architecture that brings people together for convenience and neighborly cooperation. Most importantly, there is a place for the communal council to assemble.

Communes are nothing new. For most of human history people lived in groups that hunted, farmed and tended animals on common land, deciding among themselves on communal projects like building a long house or a fish trap, clearing land for crops, producing things that they and their community needed. They got along well without a system where some people ”own” the land and the tools while others have to work for them in order to survive. There are many indigenous communities in Venezuela that have always functioned that way; they fit comfortably into the communal structure.

The challenges involved in creating a modern society based on cooperation rather than competition are enormous, not just because the world’s most powerful military power is committed to preventing them from doing so, but also because so many of the values and assumptions of capitalistic society seem to be “common sense,” based on “human nature.” Venezuela’s economy is still essentially capitalistic, with all that implies: competition, greed, exploitation, alienation, etc. The Venezuelan popular classes are unusually politically sophisticated due to their lived experience, but every organization and every individual needs to come to terms with those influences.

There is no guidebook, no blueprint, for building a communal society. It would be a long, complicated struggle even if there were no external influence. But there are literally millions of Venezuelans who are committed to that goal. If their revolution survives it may point the way to a genuinely equitable, sustainable, and democratic future.

(CounterPunch)


From Orinoco Tribune – News and opinion pieces about Venezuela and beyond via This RSS Feed.

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In his remarks following the Angelus prayer, given from the Apostolic Palace, before thousands of people gathered in St. Peter’s Square, the pontiff expressed that his thoughts turn to what is happening these days in the Middle East.

He referred in particular to the situation in Iran and Syria where, he said, “the persistent tensions are causing the death of many people,” and expressed his hope that “dialogue and peace will be cultivated patiently, seeking the common good of all society.”

He also spoke about the conflict in Ukraine, and made a new appeal for an end to the violence and for intensified efforts for peace.

On January 10, in his remarks during an audience with members of the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See, Leo XIV also addressed the complex situation facing Venezuela following the US attack, as well as tensions in the Caribbean and the Latin American Pacific.

“I renew my appeal for respect for the will of the Venezuelan people and for efforts to protect the human and civil rights of all, and to build a future of stability and harmony,” he emphasized.

jdt/jav/oda/ort

The post Pope Leo XIV renewed his call for dialogue for world peace. first appeared on Prensa Latina.


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By Lev Koufax  –  Jan 8, 2026

The world has looked on with horror as the United States launched its largest and most aggressive military operation in the Western Hemisphere in decades. After months of attacks on migrant boats and seafood industry workers, the U.S. imperialist class escalated its assault on Venezuela.

More than 80 people are dead. Dozens of military and industrial facilities have been reduced to rubble. Venezuela’s democratically elected president, Nicolás Maduro, was kidnapped and paraded before the world — a deliberate display of imperialist arrogance and political theater.

Maduro is a real human being and the elected leader of a sovereign country. Yet the United States seized him in the middle of the night, chained him, and displayed him in full view of the global media. This was not a covert operation or a misunderstanding. It was a public act meant to intimidate, humiliate, and assert domination.

The ‘Donroe Doctrine’ and the return to open colonialismWhile the United States is no stranger to military conquest, the overthrow of governments, or the public degradation of anti-colonial leaders, this brazen attack marks a dangerous escalation. The methods may echo 19th-century colonialism — direct military seizure, public humiliation, and rule by force — but this is not a return to that era. This is something far more desperate: imperialism in terminal decline, with military violence as its last remaining tool.

This turn to open aggression is driven by economics, not principle or geopolitics. The decision to raise the stakes against Venezuela reflects a U.S. imperialist class strategy to curb its loss of global economic power. Trump, acting as its political executor, has even branded this revival of 19th-century expansionism as the “Donroe Doctrine.”

By explicitly referencing the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, the administration signals that it no longer feels the need to hide behind the “humanitarian” masks of the past. The “Donroe Doctrine” is a blunt admission: The Western Hemisphere is once again viewed as a colonial backyard to be policed by the “Big Stick” of U.S. military might.

Economic contraction and the turn to forceAfter World War II, U.S. capitalism stood at the center of global production. Its factories, markets, and financial power shaped the postwar order. That position did not last. Capital was exported to lower-wage labor markets across the oppressed world, and U.S. control over production weakened.

With less control over global labor, the monopoly capitalists lose leverage. When sanctions, trade pressure, and financial coercion no longer secure obedience, U.S. imperialism turns to military force. The war carried out under Trump against Venezuela follows this pattern. It echoes earlier moments when an economically strained imperialist class escalated its assault on national self-determination and the working class worldwide.

This pattern has appeared before under similar conditions. In the late 1890s, the United States faced a deep domestic economic crisis, surplus capital searching for new outlets, and growing pressure to expand beyond informal influence. Political leaders and the press supplied humanitarian and defensive justifications, but the underlying drive was economic expansion. When commercial penetration and indirect control proved insufficient, the ruling class escalated toward open war and formal domination. These conditions converged in what became known as the U.S. war against Spain in 1898.

1898: The ‘splendid little war’ of the robber baronsIn April of 1898, William McKinley requested that Congress declare war on Spain. McKinley proclaimed that the United States had an obligation to intervene to defend the independence of Cuba from Spanish imperialism. Funny, that the country that exterminated its indigenous population, enslaved millions of Black Africans, and spent the entire 19th century expanding its territory, suddenly was concerned with the well-being and self-determination of oppressed people. McKinley also proclaimed that a U.S. intervention would be an act of self-defense, citing the explosion of the battleship USS Maine. Politicians and newspapers owned by right-wing capitalists such as William Randolph Hearst claimed Spain was responsible for the warship’s destruction.

All of this — absolutely all of it — was a bald-faced lie. Presidential documents signed by McKinley in August 1898 instructed the U.S. military, “Where it can be done prudently, confer with the leading citizens of Cuba … in an unofficial manner and endeavor to ascertain their sentiments toward the United States, and their views as to such measures as they may deem necessary or important for the future welfare and good government of the island.”

On the eve of the Spanish-American War in 1898, the Washington Post already had its eyes set beyond Cuba: “We are face to face with a strange destiny. The taste of Empire is in the mouth of the people even as the taste of blood in the jungle.”

January 3 and the Imperialist Rationale Against Venezuela

In his “People’s History of the United States,” historian Howard Zinn accurately analyzed the war as a ruling class project. These robber barons, as they were called, knew the war would create a boon for the massive U.S. iron industry and create new markets for manufacturers to sell their goods.

The parallels to 1898 are instructive, but the crucial difference must be understood. In 1898, U.S. imperialism was ascending — expanding its productive base, opening new markets, establishing economic dominance. The war with Spain was an expression of capitalist strength and confidence.

In 2025, U.S. imperialism faces the opposite condition: declining productive capacity, eroding dollar hegemony, and the loss of economic leverage that once made direct military conquest unnecessary. When sanctions fail, when financial coercion loses its grip, when trade pressure no longer secures compliance — military force becomes the only card left to play. This is not expansion from strength. This is violence from weakness.

Lenin’s analysis: the scramble for the worldThe late 1890s, which saw the imperialist war with Spain, was the exact period that led scholars and Marxists at the time to begin using the term “imperialism.” Eventually, Vladimir Lenin crystallized the Marxist analysis of imperialism in “Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism,” defining the relationships between the principal economic features of imperialism.

In “Imperialism,” Lenin described the mad rush of Western imperialist powers to divide the world to export capital and exploit cheap labor markets and natural resources. Between 1884 and 1900, Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Portugal carved up over 10 million square miles of territory, home to nearly 150 million people. As Lenin wrote: “The scramble for colonies by all the capitalist states at the end of the nineteenth century and particularly since the 1880s is a commonly known fact in the history of diplomacy and of foreign policy.”

The U.S. imperialist war with Spain was a crucial part of this “scramble” that Lenin analyzes. As seen in the events at the end of the war, the U.S.’s motive was to catch up with Britain, France, Germany, and others in the scramble to divide the world. It is this period that the ruling class seeks to recreate through escalating provocations against China, Russia, Iran, Venezuela, and other targets, with Trump acting as its political standard-bearer.

When the Spanish departed Cuba in 1898, it was U.S. troops, not the Cuban people, who took control of the island. The U.S. military occupation lasted until 1902. Even when the U.S. troops left, their withdrawal was contingent on Cuba accepting treaties from the U.S. government that restricted Cuba’s right to act independently and kept the door open for future U.S. intervention. The United States maintained its informal but iron grip over Cuba until the 1959 socialist revolution.

The 20th century further demonstrated without a doubt that the United States wanted Cuba to be completely subservient to the U.S. capitalist agenda. In 1961, the CIA backed an attempted fascist takeover of the island known as the Bay of Pigs. In 1962, the U.S. military brought the world to the brink of nuclear war through an illegal blockade of Cuba that has lasted until this day. Between 1960 and 1965, the CIA attempted to assassinate Fidel Castro hundreds of times.

2025: Manufactured outrage and systemic aggressionThe United States has held, informally or formally, all of the territory it captured from Spain in the 1898 imperialist war – including Puerto Rico and the Philippines. The war against Spain wasn’t about democracy or independence for colonized nations – the same way war against Venezuela isn’t about drugs or human rights. Both of these wars were about reshaping and dividing the world economically to benefit the U.S. ruling class better.

In 1898, the United States faced a massive economic crisis dating back to the Panic of 1893. During the panic, over 15,000 businesses went bankrupt. The country experienced widespread bank failure and a 19% national unemployment rate. The U.S. financial oligarchy was in a panic and in need of new markets to exploit for profit. Waging war against Spain provided the perfect opportunity to create colonial relationships with Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

Fast forward to 2025. The U.S. imperialist class confronts not the opportunity for expansion, but the reality of irreversible decline. Capital has fled to cheaper labor markets. Productive dominance has evaporated. Dollar hegemony weakens as rival powers build alternative systems. The economic tools that once made overt military conquest unnecessary — sanctions, IMF structural adjustment, trade pressure — are losing their effectiveness. What remains is naked military force: the last, desperate instrument of an empire that can no longer dominate through economic means alone.

Allegations of “narco terrorism” ring as hollow as William McKinley’s proclamation of Cuban independence on behalf of ultra-wealthy industrialists. Both the current war on Venezuela and the imperialist war with Spain in 1898 were escalations to overt colonial aggression in response to economic contraction.

Organizing to smash the state machineCountries of the world and the U.S. working class must be prepared to struggle against this escalation and against imperialism as a system at its very core. There will be no inherent withering away of U.S. imperialism, as can be seen in its violent and desperate attempt to reassert control across the globe. Right now, Venezuela is the main target of that ire. However, there is always a new market to conquer or competition to eliminate. U.S. imperialism will not stop unless the working class of the world stops it.

This escalation shows that imperialist war is not a deviation but the regular operation of the capitalist state when its dominance is threatened. As Lenin told us in “State and Revolution,” the working class has no choice but to “crush, smash to atoms, wipe off the face of the earth the bourgeois, even the republican-bourgeois, state machine, the standing army, the police and the bureaucracy and to substitute for them a more democratic state machine.” This prescription for the bourgeois state and social order is more relevant than ever as the U.S. ruling class, using its state apparatus, seeks to reassert itself across the planet.

(Struggle-La Lucha)


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