Jingszo !

Our knowledge of ancient literature comes to us through the hands of scribes. The works of Aristotle, Galen and Ptolemy survived only because generations of copyists reproduced them by hand.

But copying was not a straightforward process.

Scribes sometimes edited as they copied—smoothing out contradictions, inserting interpretations, merging readings from different sources and, sometimes, just making mistakes.

Over time, these small changes accumulate.

Summary

The trajectory of UAP investigation by the U.S. government reflects a broader evolution in threat assessment, scientific curiosity, and public accountability. From the early days of Project Sign and Project Blue Book, through decades of bureaucratic dormancy, to the rise of the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office, the study of UAPs has transitioned from the fringes of pseudoscience to a matter of national significance.

AARO now stands at the intersection of science, defense, intelligence, and public policy. Whether future findings confirm unknown technologies, foreign adversarial systems, or as-yet unexplained natural phenomena, the evolution of these investigations signals that the U.S. government no longer treats UAPs as a taboo topic—but rather as an unresolved and legitimate area of inquiry.

High-resolution imaging of tattoos found on a 2,500 year old Siberian "ice mummy" have revealed decorations that a modern tattooist would find challenging to produce, according to researchers.

The intricate tattoos of leopards, a stag, a rooster, and a mythical half-lion and half-eagle creature on the woman's body shed light on an ancient warrior culture.

Archaeologists worked with a tattooist, who reproduces ancient skin decorations on his own body, to understand how exactly they were made.

The tattooed woman, aged about 50, was from the nomadic horse-riding Pazyryk people who lived on the vast steppe between China and Europe.

The researchers discovered hibernator-specific DNA regions that regulate the FTO locus, tuning nearby genes up or down, likely to support rapid weight gain before hibernation, followed by long periods of fasting.

To test their theory, they edited these hibernator-specific DNA regions in mice (which don’t naturally hibernate). The result: changes in metabolism and behavior resembling that of hibernators, including altered weight regulation, body temperature control, and foraging instincts.

“When you knock out one of these elements — this one tiny, seemingly insignificant DNA region — the activity of hundreds of genes changes,” said co-author Susan Steinwand in the press statement. “It’s pretty amazing"

Astronomers have detected signs of complex organic molecules, the precursors to the building blocks of life as we know it, in a planet-forming disk around a distant star. The findings imply that the chemical seeds of life are constructed in space and are then spread to young or newly forming planets.

Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimeter Array (ALMA), a system of radio telescopes in Chile, the team detected traces of 17 complex organic molecules in the protoplanetary disc of V883 Orionis, a young star located around 1,305 light-years away in the constellation of Orion.

V883 Orionis is an infant star, or protostar, that is estimated to be just 500,000 years old, and it's in the active phase of gathering mass and forming planets. If 0.5 million years old seems ancient, consider that our middle-aged sun is about 4.6 billion years old.

Whales of all shapes and sizes play a significant role in the health of marine ecosystems. About 50% of the air humans breathe is produced by the ocean, thanks to phytoplankton and whale waste. The Whale Poop Loop is the foundation of the marine food web and the planet's lungs.

Packed with nutrients, whale waste is a super fertilizer that supports phytoplankton, which produces oxygen and is food for zooplankton, fish, and other marine species. The marine creatures phytoplankton support then provide food for shorebirds and humans.

These marine leviathans also help mitigate the human-made climate crisis. One whale can capture an average of 33 tons of carbon dioxide over its lifespan. A live oak tree, one of the most efficient carbon-capturing tree species, captures about 12 tons of carbon dioxide over a up to 500-year lifespan.

The saga surrounding Neptune-size "super-Earth" exoplanet K2-18 b just got a whole lot more interesting. For a quick recap, this is the world a team of scientists recently suggested could host life — to the dismay of other scientists in the community, who felt the announcement failed to include necessary caution.

While signs of life on the world have failed to conclusively present themselves to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the powerful space telescope has discovered that this planet is so rich in liquid water that it could be an ocean, or "Hycean" world.

"This has certainly increased the chances of habitability on K2-18 b" Nikku Madhusudhan, the University of Cambridge scientist behind the original K2-18b discovery as well as the new study, told Space.com. "This is a very important development and further increases the chance of a Hycean environment in K2-18 b. It confirms K2-18 b to be our best chance to study a potential habitable environment beyond the solar system at the present time."

Martian glaciers are mostly pure ice across the Red Planet, suggesting they might potentially be useful resources for any explorers that might land there one day, a new study finds.

For decades, scientists have often seen glaciers coated in dust on the slopes of the mountains of Mars. Previous research suggested these were either glaciers that were comprised mostly of rock and as little as 30% ice, or debris-covered glaciers that were more than 80% ice.

This letter was sent out from Air Material Commands (AMC) in response to a request from Brig General Schulgen.

ATTENTION: Brig. General George Schulgen

AC/AS-2

1. As requested by AC/AS-2 there is presented below the considered opinion of this command concerning the so-called "Flying Discs." This opinion is based on interrogation report data furnished by AC/AS-2 and preliminary studies by personnel of T-2 and Aircraft Laboratory, Engineering Division T-3. This opinion was arrived at in a conference between personnel from the Air Institute of Technology, Intelligence T-2, Office, Chief of Engineering Division, and the Aircraft, Power Plant and Propeller Laboratories of Engineering Division T-3.

2. It is the opinion that:

a. The phenomenon is something real and not visionary or fictitious.

b. There are objects probably approximating the shape of a disc, of such appreciable size as to appear to be as large as man-made aircraft.

c. There is a possibility that some of the incidents may be caused by natural phenomena, such as meteors.

d. The reported operating characteristics such as extreme rates of climb, maneuverability (particularly in roll), and motion which must be considered evasive when sighted or contacted by friendly aircraft and radar, lend belief to the possibility that some of the objects are controlled either manually, automatically or remotely.......

Internet Archive: The Twinning Memo

https://archive.org/details/twinning-memo

During their breeding season, male leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) spend hours perfecting their solo performance: singing unique sequences of stereotyped calls underwater to create their ‘song’.

The estimated information entropy of the leopard seal songs is comparable to nursery rhymes but unsurprisingly, lower than contemporary, classical and baroque music.

The most compelling difference, however, was in the way these features were represented. For example, while people with NDEs frequently reported meeting dead loved ones, DMT users universally described encounters with otherworldly or alien beings.

Suddenly finding yourself transformed into a spirit witnessing your body from above, before being greeted by a guide seemed to be characteristic of NDEs. DMT would simply dissolve people’s bodily awareness, as they rapidly shot into a transcendent world inhabited by mechanical clowns or serpentine scientists.

As he went from country to country, Crowley never met an ancient religion he couldn’t adapt to his own ends. But no gods made as much of an impact on him as those of ancient Egypt, specifically Hoor-paar-kraat, or Harpocrates in the Greek; Crowley claimed to have been contacted by the voice of Hoor-paar-kraat’s messenger Aiwass, from whom he took the dictation that became Liber AL vel Legis. Styling himself as an Egyptian prophet, he preached one way for humanity to push through to a post-Christian age: “Whatever you feel like doing, go and do it, regardless of popular opinion or conventional morality.” After all, it seemed to work for Crowley himself, though the work of a notorious occultist certainly isn’t for everybody.

Nor could even the world’s wickedest man keep it up forever: “Eventually all the traveling, drug-taking, and libertinism had caught up with Crowley.” His inheritance dried up, and his addictions worsened.

Highlights

• The potato lineage is of ancient homoploid hybrid origin

• Alternate inheritance of highly divergent parental genes contributed to tuberization

• Hybridization and tuberization triggered species radiation and niche expansion

Interspecific hybridization may trigger species radiation by creating allele combinations and traits. Cultivated potato and its 107 wild relatives from the Petota lineage all share the distinctive trait of underground tubers, but the underlying mechanisms for tuberization and its relationship to extensive species diversification remain unclear.

Through analyses of 128 genomes, including 88 haplotype-resolved genomes, we revealed that Petota is of ancient hybrid origin, with all members exhibiting stable mixed genomic ancestry, derived from the Etuberosum and Tomato lineages ca. 8–9 million years ago.

A new sociological study offers a surprising take on the state of American news: Right-wing news media doesn't just sit on the opposite end of the political spectrum from mainstream outlets—it operates more like a religion than a traditional news source.

According to the researchers, these outlets:

• Promote a fixed worldview, treating sacred truths as more important than "mere facts"

• Build a strong sense of community around shared values rather than encouraging independent thinking among individuals

• Grow and change in ways that look more like religious movements than businesses

This shift in perspective helps explain why these platforms are influential and why many Americans are drawn to them. As the authors argue, "Right-wing news audiences are seeking (and getting) a lot more than fact or fiction when they tune into Fox News, NewsMax or the Daily Caller. Like church or temple, many Americans are now getting their beliefs, identity and sense of belonging from this media system."

Beloved by horror films and teen sleepovers, the Ouija board has roots in the spiritualist movement and opportunistic toy manufacturers

We’re all familiar with the question posed by so-called spiritualists and psychics as they attempt to contact those who have passed into the other world. But the big problem is: how do you convince your marks… sorry, clients… that you really do have some amazing power? After all, not everyone falls for cold-reading, and not every psychic can do it well enough, so your target audience will naturally be limited.

What if there were some technique that seemed so remarkable, so unbelievable, that it must be supernatural? If you had that, even hardened skeptics might be convinced. In trying to find this concrete proof, the early spiritualists created an arms-race in different practices, until the eventual rise of the Ouija board in the late 19th Century.

Summary

The 1967 Shag Harbour Incident involved a strange object that descended into the ocean off the coast of Nova Scotia, witnessed by multiple residents and investigated by law enforcement, military divers, and federal authorities. Despite an extensive search and formal inquiry, no explanation was ever confirmed. The incident is notable for the official recognition of the object as “unidentified” and for the government’s rapid involvement. It remains one of the most well-documented and intriguing UFO cases in Canadian history.

This study re-examines a 2500-year-old residue found in bronze jars at an underground shrine in Paestum (Italy), previously identified as a wax/fat/resin mixture excluding honey from its composition.

Our multianalytical approach detected lipids, saccharide decomposition products, hexose sugars, and major royal jelly proteins supporting the hypothesis that the jars once also contained honey/honeycombs.

The research highlights the value of reinvestigating archeological residues in museums with advanced biomolecular techniques and offers a more specific method for detecting bee products in ancient contexts.

While many sharks hunt for small, abundant prey when looking for a meal, great hammerheads have a supersized strategy with some big payoffs—eat other sharks.

For a long time, scientists have observed great hammerheads hunting other sharks, including blacktips during their seasonal migrations off Florida. But the energetic benefits of this high-risk, high-reward strategy were unclear until now.

The models predicted that a 250-pound great hammerhead would only need to consume one 55-pound blacktip shark roughly every three weeks to meet its energy demands. This single large meal could sustain the hammerhead for up to two months during periods when blacktip shark populations are scarce. In stark contrast, if the hammerhead were to rely on smaller reef-associated fish, it would need to catch one or two 2.2-pound fish every single day to sustain itself.

As of July 25 2025, people in the UK accessing web services with pornographic content will have to prove they are over 18 years of age. This development has been in the works for a while. It was proposed in 2014 by the video-on-demand regulator, and legislated for introduction in 2019 through the British Board of Film Classification.

It is of course important to stop children from accessing inappropriate material online. But, as often with technological solutions to societal problems, all available methods of age checking come with significant downsides in terms of privacy, security and human rights.

Their findings revealed a striking pattern: African great apes engage in scrumping regularly, whereas orangutans, which inhabit Southeast Asian forests, display this behavior scarcely, if at all. This divergence supports biochemical analyses showing that orangutans possess much less efficient enzymes for metabolizing ethanol. The implication is that the consumption of fermented fruits—and the genetic adaptations enabling safe ethanol metabolism—emerged uniquely within the evolutionary lineage leading to African apes and humans.

Summary

The mystery of UAPs is no longer confined to eyewitness accounts or speculative interpretation. Thanks to an array of modern sensor technologies—including radar, infrared, satellite imagery, RF monitoring, and acoustic arrays—analysts can now investigate aerial anomalies using physical data from multiple domains. These systems enable more accurate tracking, classification, and post-event analysis than ever before.

However, challenges remain: data access is limited, interpretations are complex, and many observed phenomena continue to defy easy categorization. Multi-sensor fusion and machine intelligence promise to accelerate understanding, but there is no guarantee that every anomalous object will be explained using existing scientific paradigms.

What is certain is that sensor-based investigation has moved UAP research into a new era—one grounded in empirical data, integrated analysis, and institutional legitimacy. Whether the results reveal unknown technologies, foreign assets, natural phenomena, or something even more unexpected, modern sensors are essential to solving the UAP puzzle.

If you slipped back through time to taste a dish from the Roman Empire, you’d likely be sampling some fermented fish sauce.

Surviving Roman recipes add this to anything from barley porridge to a sweet custard made with pine nuts, olive oil, wine, honey and pepper.

Although it is often referred to as garum, the exact meaning of this term is surprisingly uncertain.

A fish sauce by any other name

Fish sauce is called garum, liquamen, or garon (in Greek) in various ancient Roman texts, including labels on containers.

It’s unclear whether these were different products or if the name changed over time.

According to one recent theory, garum may have been an expensive condiment, of short-lived popularity, made with the blood and organs of large fish.

Liquamen was a low-cost cooking sauce popular across the centuries and made by fermenting whole small, cheap fish.

The fish were layered with salt in covered vats or pots, and left in warm sun for two to three months to liquefy and ferment.

The method has been replicated by experimental archaeologists and even instagrammers.

Such umami-flavoured sauce would have transformed the cheap food of ordinary people in the Roman Empire. Most of the population had no access to the expensive spices, meats and sweet raisin wine on the tables of the wealthy.

In an edict listing prices issued by the Emperor Diocletian in 301 CE, second quality fish sauce is half the price of cheap honey.

Containers found in the humble houses and food shops of Pompeii show ordinary people had access to fish sauce.

For the study, the researchers used several deep learning models to identify pits and skylights using orbital images from the Moon and Mars with the goal of identifying new lunar pits and skylights to complement the 16 that have been previously identified with the Lunar Pit Atlas. One of the pits used to train the model was the well-known Mare Tranquillitatis Pit that has been imaged several times and estimated to have a minimum radius of 100 meters (328 feet) and a depth of approximately 105 meters (344 feet). In the end, the researchers found a deep learning model called ESSA (Entrances to Sub-Surface Areas) performed the best, as it successfully identified two new skylights despite only observing approximately 1.92 percent of the lunar maria.

One of the best analogies I ever heard concerning the question of life in the Universe is that of a lottery. Each world that forms around each star — whether it’s a planet, moon, or dwarf planet — is like a lottery ticket. All of a sudden, a huge number of questions arise.

• Will life ever form, arrive at, and take hold on this world?

• If life ever does arise, will it go extinct relatively quickly, or will it survive for long periods of time?

• Will there be multiple independent origins of life, or just one, if life does arise?

• And if that life does survive and thrive for long periods of time, what will be the most complex, differentiated, intelligent, and/or technologically advanced form of life that it becomes?

Even that first question, of whether life ever forms, arrives on, or takes hold on such a world, is something whose frequency we have no idea about.