Science

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This magazine is dedicated to discussions on scientific discoveries, research, and theories across various fields, including physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, and more. Whether you are a scientist, a science enthusiast, or simply curious about the world around us, this is the place for you. Here you can share your knowledge, ask questions, and engage in discussions on a wide range of scientific topics. From the latest breakthroughs to historical discoveries and ongoing research, this category covers a wide range of topics related to science.

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Recordings show prolonged activity in the visual cortex when looking at images, outlasting conscious awareness of image. More than a quarter of all stroke victims develop a bizarre disorder — they lose conscious awareness of half of all that their eyes perceive.

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Oral contraceptives, the ever-reliable soldiers in the fight against unwanted pregnancies, find themselves ensnared in a web of discussions and debates regarding their potential link to depression, particularly among adolescents and women in their initial stages of use. We plunge into this discourse, unwrapping findings, revealing paradoxes, and seeking answers. A study in Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences has brought to light that the initial two years of using oral contraceptives might hav

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Parkinson’s disease, renowned for its debilitating effects on movement, has always been intrinsically linked to the diminishment of dopamine, a chemical imperative for motor functions. However, a groundbreaking study by the University of Montreal divulges surprising revelations about the resilience of brain’s movement circuits even with a conspicuous deficiency in dopamine during the asymptomatic phases of Parkinson’s. This groundbreaking research, led by esteemed neuroscientist Louis-Éric Trude

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If you're seeking enhanced productivity and effective management of ADHD symptoms, ordering Adderall online can be a game-changer. Adderall, a prescription medication containing amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, works by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain that contribute to focus and impulse control. By providing a boost in concentration and mental clarity, Adderall allows individuals with ADHD to better manage their symptoms and improve their productivity. Ordering Adderall online offers convenience and accessibility, allowing you to receive the medication at your doorstep without the need for lengthy doctor visits. However, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting or adjusting any medication regimen to ensure its suitability for your specific needs. With Adderall, you can experience a remarkable improvement in your ability to stay focused, organized, and accomplish tasks effectively, promoting overall success in both personal and professional endeavors.

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Some research papers conclude that stevia consumption can cause cancer due to DNA breakage and chromosome mutations. However, none of those studies are based on human subjects.
According to a study published in Oncotarget in 2018, steviol significantly limited the growth of human gastrointestinal cancer cells.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://www.bekarmic.com/blogs/knowledge-base/stevia-and-cancer-everything-about-stevia

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The use of steviol glycosides as non-caloric sweeteners has proven to be beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity, and metabolic syndrome. However, recent data demonstrate that steviol and stevioside might act as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists and thus correlate with adverse effects on metabolism. Herein, we evaluated the impact of steviol, steviol glycosides, and a Greek-derived stevia extract on a number of key steps of GR signaling cascade in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in Jurkat leukemia cells. #Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28754349/

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Prostate cancer is the second most harmful disease in men worldwide and the number of cases is increasing. Therefore, new natural agents with anticancer potential should be examined and the response of existing therapeutic drugs must be enhanced. Stevia pilosa and Stevia eupatoria are two species that have been widely used in traditional medicine, but their effectiveness on cancer cells and their interaction with antineoplastic drugs have not been studied. The results indicate that SPME and SEME have an inhibitory effect on the viability and migration of prostate cancer cells and do not interfere with the enzalutamide anticancer effect. The data suggest that Stevia extracts may be a potential source of molecules for cancer treatment.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32102219/

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Steviol glycosides are currently being used as natural sweeteners by the food industry and Stevia rebaudiana has long been used as a sweet plant in South America for patients suffering from diabetes. In this study, a Stevia rebaudiana ethanolic extract (SREE) was prepared, analysed and tested for antioxidant activity in terms of free radical scavenging properties and antiproliferative effects in cervix (HeLa), pancreatic (MiaPaCa-2) and colonic (HCT116) cancer cells. The antiproliferative mechanism was confirmed by testing the effects on cyclin D1-CDK4. #Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071804/

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Hydroponics offers a viable solution for obtaining plant products that are rich in micronutrients and ultramicronutrients, such as selenium. Selenium plays a crucial role in strengthening the body's immune defense and acts as a potent antioxidant. Low levels of selenium have been associated with an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cancer. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (SrB), a relatively new crop in plant cultivation, was the focus of the present study. SrB has numerous medicinal and prophylactic properties, and its leaves are rich in macro- and microelements, vitamins, and diterpene glycosides.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37522778/

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Stevia is unaffected by stomach acid, pancreatic enzymes and the process of digestion. It travels essentially “untouched” by the digestive process until it reaches the large intestine. There it “reacts” with the gut flora. It is then absorbed in the colon and travels to the liver. It is then bound to glucuronic acid via the glucuronidation pathway and eventually excreted through the urine. The glucuronidation pathway is a major liver pathway that detoxifies drugs, pollutants, estrogen, and steroids, etc.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://www.portalsalud.com/cuales-son-los-peligros-de-la-stevia_13092860/

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Bladder cancer (BC) is a global health issue that lacks effective treatment strategies. Growing evidence suggests that various natural products possess anti-tumour effects. This study aims to identify a novel agent that can be used in the treatment of BC.
Collectively, our data suggest that stevioside can be a potential agent for the treatment of BC.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35820501/

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Scientists in China have developed a method to produce spider silk from genetically modified silkworms, offering a strong, sustainable alternative to synthetic fibers with applications in various industries. Researchers have synthesized spider silk from genetically modified silkworms, producing f

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Researchers now hope to use the environmental engineering success to combat climate change.

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Depression is not a gentle opponent, yet, forward-thinking studies and fresh advancements in technology have shed light on the way to triumph over this disease. In a new research study, there’s some positive news for the millions grappling with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation) is beginning to show remarkable progress which seems to offer a ray of hope for the people who are suffering from debilitating Tourette’s syndrome. DBS, still an early stage trial, is a pr

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More than 60 naturally occurring steviol glycosides in the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant share a similar molecular structure with an aglycone steviol backbone conjugated with β- and α-glycosidic bonds to different sugar moieties. These glycosides are naturally produced in different quantities within the stevia leaf. Certain minor glycosides with superior sensory attributes, such as Reb D and Reb M, are found less than 0.1% in traditional stevia leaves. New technologies can now produce better tasting steviol glycosides by using enzymatic conversion of stevioside and Reb A, which are abundant in stevia leaf. Several regulatory authorities recently evaluated steviol glycosides produced by enzymatic conversion of stevia leaf extract and approved them safe for human consumption. Steviol glycosides undergo microbial hydrolysis in the colon to generate steviol, which is absorbed and metabolized into steviol glucuronide, and excreted primarily via human's urine. Previous studies have shown the hydrolysis of highly purified individual steviol glycosides extracted from stevia leaf are converted to steviol in the presence of colonic microbiota of adults. Since colonic microbiota of children may be different from adults, this study investigates the metabolic fate in the colonic microbiota of adults and children of the minor steviol glycosides produced by extraction and enzymatic conversion of major steviol glycosides from stevia leaf. Several in vitro incubation tests were conducted in human fecal homogenates collected from adult and pediatric populations with steviol glycoside test samples comprised of a complex stevia leaf extract, a blend of minor glycosides isolated from stevia extract and two mixtures of steviol glycosides produced by enzymatic conversion of Reb A to larger molecules by attaching glucose units via β- or α-glycosidic bonds. Results from these studies clearly demonstrate steviol glycosides produced by extraction from stevia leaf, or enzymatic conversion of stevia leaf extract, share the same metabolic fate in the human gut microbiota from adults and children. Considering a common metabolite structure and a shared metabolic fate in all ages, safety data for individual steviol glycosides can be used to support safety of all steviol glycosides produced by extraction and enzymatic conversion of stevia leaf extract.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32745585/

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Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a valuable plant whose products are increasingly used in medicine, pharmacy and the food industry. This necessitates the use of biotechnological approaches for its mass propagation. Establishing optimal conditions for in vitro cultivation is essential for obtaining high biomass and secondary metabolites production. A large number of articles considering the role of plant growth regulators and other additives in the culture medium in the growth and development of Stevia are available in the literature. However, there are no summarized data about the use of nanoparticles in Stevia tissue cultures. Therefore, this review also includes the research conducted so far on the effect of nanoparticles on Stevia micropropagation. Furthermore, the influence of different elicitors on secondary metabolite production and antioxidant activity of in vitro-cultivated Stevia plants have been discussed. By referring to the collected literature, we concluded that biotechnological approaches applied to S. rebaudiana cultivation might improve the agronomic traits of plants and steviol glycosides production.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36616282/

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Scientists have created a power generator that uses atmospheric humidity and polyoxometalates to produce continuous electricity, offering a sustainable way to utilize low-value energy.

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Some tumors are extremely small and hide deep within lung tissue, making it difficult for surgeons to reach them. To address this challenge, UNC –Chapel Hill and Vanderbilt University researchers have been working on an extremely bendy but sturdy robot capable of traversing lung tissue.

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Researchers publicly call out theory that they say is not well supported by science, but that gets undue attention.

A letter, signed by 124 scholars and posted online last week1, has caused an uproar in the consciousness research community. It claims that a prominent theory describing what makes someone or something conscious — called the integrated information theory (IIT) — should be labelled “pseudoscience”. Since its publication on 15 September in the preprint repository PsyArXiv, the letter has some researchers arguing over the label and others worried it will increase polarization in a field that has grappled with issues of credibility in the past.

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Ancient timber preserved in a riverbed suggests humans were building wooden structures 500,000 years ago.

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